Chapter 13 Flashcards
personality
distinctive pattern of traits/ dispositions that characterize an individual over time and across situations
behavior patterns that distinguish us from one another
basic assumptions of freud’s psychodynamic theory
personality driven by unconscious conflicts and feelings
formed primarily by early childhood experiences
psychoanalysis
thoughts and actions attributed to unconscious motives and conflicts
preconscious
info available but not currently in conscious
conscious
awareness
unconscious
unacceptable stuff
id
primitie, unconscious
pleasure principle
immediate gratification ignore consesequences
ego
conscious, rational, logical
superego
moral center, what is accepted, proud of good decisions
repression
push bad things rom conscious
projections
attribute your bad impulses to others
rationalization
self justifying explanations
displacement
redirect impulses to safer outlet
regression
go back to an earlier stage of development
reaction formation
unacceptable impulses transformed to opposite
oral stage
0-18 months
putting stuff in their mouth
anal stage
18-36 months
bladder abd bowl elimination, potty training
phalic
3-6 years
genitals, sexual desire towards opposite sex parent
latency
6 years- puberty
hiding sexual feelings for other developments
genital
puberty- on
objective trait perspective tests
standardization- uniform administration/ scoring
reliable- gives the same results
valid- measures what it’s supposed to
traits
characteristic pattern of behavior
tendency to feel and act a certain way
factor analysis
statistical technique to ID clusters of related items
Extroversion
scale between intro and extro
neuroticism
emotional stability, stress vs relaxed
agreeableness
easy to get along with
conscientiousness
organization/ motivation vs not
openness to experience
open or not to new things
reciprocal determinism
interacting influences of behavior, internal personal factors and environment
different people choose different environments
personalities shape how we interpret and react to events
personalities help create situations that we react to
external locust of control
control is out of your hands
internal locust of control
my actions control my fate
satisficers
outcome must be “good enough”
maximizers
outcome must be optimal
self
organizer of thoughts feelings and locations
self recognition
- babies prefer to look at still images of other babies
- infants perfer to look at themselves kicking from an observers view
- by two years, use the words me and mine
- mark test
self descriptions
2 years- basic characteristics
preschool- physical features, posessions, preferences
middle childhood- behaviorial traits, abilities, emotions
later childhood- relational statements
adolescence- attitudes, traits, and beliefs in hypothetical
adulthood- possible selves
spotlight effect-
we think people pay more attention than they really do
self esteem
evaluation of the self and the affective reactions to that evaluation
looking-glass self
based on how one thinks others see him/ her
competence view
combination of what we would like to achieve and how confident we feel about achieving it
self esteem pattern
preschool-prek- high self esteem elementary school- drops middle/ late childhood- generally stable adolescence- drops adulthood- increases, then stable
self serving bias
judge ourselves favorably
