Chapter 13

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

distinctive pattern of traits/ dispositions that characterize an individual over time and across situations

behavior patterns that distinguish us from one another

Question 2

basic assumptions of freud’s psychodynamic theory

Answer 2

personality driven by unconscious conflicts and feelings

formed primarily by early childhood experiences

Question 3

psychoanalysis

Answer 3

thoughts and actions attributed to unconscious motives and conflicts

Question 4

preconscious

Answer 4

info available but not currently in conscious

Question 5

conscious

Answer 5

awareness

Question 6

unconscious

Answer 6

unacceptable stuff

Question 7

id

Answer 7

primitie, unconscious

Question 8

pleasure principle

Answer 8

immediate gratification ignore consesequences

Question 9

ego

Answer 9

conscious, rational, logical

Question 10

superego

Answer 10

moral center, what is accepted, proud of good decisions

Question 11

repression

Answer 11

push bad things rom conscious

Question 12

projections

Answer 12

attribute your bad impulses to others

Question 13

rationalization

Answer 13

self justifying explanations

Question 14

displacement

Answer 14

redirect impulses to safer outlet

Question 15

regression

Answer 15

go back to an earlier stage of development

Question 16

reaction formation

Answer 16

unacceptable impulses transformed to opposite

Question 17

oral stage

Answer 17

0-18 months

putting stuff in their mouth

Question 18

anal stage

Answer 18

18-36 months

bladder abd bowl elimination, potty training

Question 19

phalic

Answer 19

3-6 years

genitals, sexual desire towards opposite sex parent

Question 20

latency

Answer 20

6 years- puberty

hiding sexual feelings for other developments

Question 21

genital

Answer 21

puberty- on

Question 22

objective trait perspective tests

Answer 22

standardization- uniform administration/ scoring
reliable- gives the same results
valid- measures what it’s supposed to

Question 23

traits

Answer 23

characteristic pattern of behavior

tendency to feel and act a certain way

Question 24

factor analysis

Answer 24

statistical technique to ID clusters of related items

Question 25

Extroversion

Answer 25

scale between intro and extro

Question 26

neuroticism

Answer 26

emotional stability, stress vs relaxed

Question 27

agreeableness

Answer 27

easy to get along with

Question 28

conscientiousness

Answer 28

organization/ motivation vs not

Question 29

openness to experience

Answer 29

open or not to new things

Question 30

reciprocal determinism

Answer 30

interacting influences of behavior, internal personal factors and environment different people choose different environments personalities shape how we interpret and react to events personalities help create situations that we react to

Question 31

external locust of control

Answer 31

control is out of your hands

Question 32

internal locust of control

Answer 32

my actions control my fate

Question 33

satisficers

Answer 33

outcome must be "good enough"

Question 34

maximizers

Answer 34

outcome must be optimal

Question 35

self

Answer 35

organizer of thoughts feelings and locations

Question 36

self recognition

Answer 36

- babies prefer to look at still images of other babies - infants perfer to look at themselves kicking from an observers view - by two years, use the words me and mine - mark test

Question 37

self descriptions

Answer 37

2 years- basic characteristics preschool- physical features, posessions, preferences middle childhood- behaviorial traits, abilities, emotions later childhood- relational statements adolescence- attitudes, traits, and beliefs in hypothetical adulthood- possible selves

Question 38

spotlight effect-

Answer 38

we think people pay more attention than they really do

Question 39

self esteem

Answer 39

evaluation of the self and the affective reactions to that evaluation

Question 40

looking-glass self

Answer 40

based on how one thinks others see him/ her

Question 41

competence view

Answer 41

combination of what we would like to achieve and how confident we feel about achieving it

Question 42

self esteem pattern

Answer 42

``` preschool-prek- high self esteem elementary school- drops middle/ late childhood- generally stable adolescence- drops adulthood- increases, then stable ```

Question 43

self serving bias

Answer 43

judge ourselves favorably