chapter 15 Flashcards
psychological disorders
ongoing pattern of thoughts feelings and actions that is deviant distressful and dysfunctional
medical model of explaining
psychological disorder can be diagnosed and treated/ cured
biopsychological approach to explaining
study how biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors interact to produce psychological disorders
biological influences
evolution, genes, brainstructure
DSM-V
diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
descriptive only- no cause/ treatment discussion
problems- over diagnosis, power of lables
anxiety disorders
distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
generalized anxiety disorder
continually tense and uneasy for no real reason
symptoms are common problem is persistence
may lead to ulcers or high blood pressure
panic disorders
episodes of intense dread with tension chest pain choking and frightening sensations
may escalate into a panic attack
phobia
anxiety focused on a specific object, activity, situation
agoraphobia
fear of situations which escape may be difficult or help unavailable when panic strikes
OCD
unwanted repetitive thoughts and or actions
ritualistic behaviors meant to reduce anxiety caused by thoughts
PTSD
haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawl, jumpy anxiety, and or insomnia, >4 weeks after trauma
explaining anxiety disorders
leaning and conditioning
biological perspective: some fears seem hard wired
treatment for anxiety disorders
counter conditioning- condition new response
exposure therapy
averse conditioning- associate unpleasant state with unwanted behavior
drugs
systematic desentization
associate pleasant relayed feeling with fear inducing stimulus
virtual reality exposure thearapy
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Mood Disorders
characterized by extreme emotions
Major Depressive Disorder
> 2 weeks
depressed most of day, little/ no pleasure, tired, sleep disturbances, change in appetite, weight, excessive guilt
concentration trouble, possible thoughts of suicide`
Depression
many behavioral and cognitive changes widespread women twice as vulnerable most depressive episodes self-terminate stress events often precede depression rate increasing
Bipolar Disorder
alternation between depression and manic Manic Symptoms- overtalkative/ active elated, easily irritated little need for sleep reduced sexual inhibitions loud, flighty speech grandiose optimism and self esteem
Explaining Mood Disorders
genes brain/ neurotransmitters -norepinephrine- scarce @ depression, overabundant @ manic -seratonin- scarce @ depression social-cognitive perspective
Treatment
cognitive therapy- teach more adaptive ways of thinking
cognitive behavioral therapy- change self-defeating thinking as well as change behavior
antidepressants
mood stabilizers
electroconvulsive therapy
Antisocial Personality Disorders Symptoms
history of antisocial behavior
lack of conscious for wrongdoing
lack of normal emotions
Antisocial Personality Disorders Causes
Physiological Abnormalities
Brain
Genes
Environmental Stressors
Dissociative ID Disorders
2 pr more distincit personalities
own names, memories, preferences and traits
Schizophrenia Symptoms Positive
distortion of normal thought/ behavior delusions: false beliefs hallucinations: false sensory experiences disorganized speech disorganized inappropriate behaviour
Schizophrenia Symptoms Negative
loss of normal thought/ behavior
minimal speech
emotional flatness
restricted movement, catatonic states
Causes of Schizophrenia
psysicological abnormalities -brain- reduced frontal activity -overactivity in thalamus and amygdala neurochemical imbalances- dopamine hypothesis, too many receptors prenatal problems genes Drugs can Help
