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psych > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sensation

A

activation of sensory receptors, physical process

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2
Q

transduction

A

sensory system encodes stimulus energy as neural messages

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3
Q

perception

A

organizing and interpreting sensory info to recognize objects and events, psychological process

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4
Q

prosopagnotia

A

faceblindness

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5
Q

bottom-up processing

A

data driven, begins with sensory receptors and works up to the brains integration of sensory info

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6
Q

top-down processing

A

“conceptually driven,” guided by higher level mental processes, knowledge and expectations influence perception

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7
Q

absolute threshold

A

smallest amount of physical energy that can be reliablly detected 50% of the time

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8
Q

signal detection theory

A

predicts when we will detect a weak stimulus

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9
Q

subliminal stimulation

A

below absolute threshold, no powerful enduring effect on behavior

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10
Q

difference threshold

A

smallest difference between 2 stimuli that can be reliably detected 50% of the time

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11
Q

JND

A

just noticeable difference, depends on intensity of stimuli

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12
Q

sensory adaptation

A

diminished sensitivity given constant stimulation, need change and contrast, eyes move slightly to avoid vision adaptation

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13
Q

light waves

A

physical input of vision, small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum

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14
Q

wavelength

A

frequence, distance between peaks, influences hue-color, short= blue, long= red

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15
Q

amplitude

A

intensity- height of the wave, how bright

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16
Q

cornea

A

eyeball’s protective cover

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17
Q

pupil

A

controls the amount of light

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18
Q

iris

A

muscle controlling the pupil size

19
Q

lens

A

changes shape to cocus light on retnia

20
Q

retnia

A

inner surface that contains visual receptors

21
Q

rods

A

low levels of light, non-color vision, peripheral

22
Q

cones

A

color vision, need light, concentrated at fovea

23
Q

dark adaptation

A

recovery of the eye’s sensitivity to visual stimuli in darkness after exposure to bright light

24
Q

optic nerve

A

carries neural impulese from eye to brain

25
Q

perception feature detection

A

nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific featuers, angles, lines, orientation, location

26
Q

parallel processing

A

processing many aspects of a problem simultatneously

27
Q

gestalt principle

A

the whole is greater than the parts

28
Q

figure-ground relationships

A

objects/ figures exist on a background

29
Q

grouping

A

tendency to organize stimuli into groups

30
Q

grouping principles

A

proximity, similarity, continuity, common region, closure

31
Q

size constancy

A

perception that objects remain the same size even though retinal image may changes

32
Q

shape constancy

A

perception that objects remain the same shape even through retinal image change

33
Q

depth perception

A

ability to perceive the world in 3 dimensions

34
Q

retinal disparity

A

differing views on each retnia, binocular cue

35
Q

convergence

A

how the eyes are turned towards each other, binocular cue

36
Q

relative size

A

larger objects are closer, M

37
Q

interposition

A

objects occluding others are closer, M

38
Q

relative clarity

A

hazy objects are further, M

39
Q

texture gradient

A

we see more texture of close up objects, M

40
Q

relative height

A

objects higher in visual field are further, M

41
Q

motion parallax

A

apparent motion faster for nearer objects, M

42
Q

linear perspective

A

parallel lines converge in the distance

43
Q

ponzo illusion

A

same sizes arranged differently

44
Q

muller lyer illusion

A

arrow lines, reflects common experience of corners of walls

psych (13 decks)

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