Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Sensation

A

activation of sensory receptors, physical process

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2
Q

transduction

A

sensory system encodes stimulus energy as neural messages

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3
Q

perception

A

organizing and interpreting sensory info to recognize objects and events, psychological process

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4
Q

prosopagnotia

A

faceblindness

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5
Q

bottom-up processing

A

data driven, begins with sensory receptors and works up to the brains integration of sensory info

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6
Q

top-down processing

A

“conceptually driven,” guided by higher level mental processes, knowledge and expectations influence perception

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7
Q

absolute threshold

A

smallest amount of physical energy that can be reliablly detected 50% of the time

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8
Q

signal detection theory

A

predicts when we will detect a weak stimulus

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9
Q

subliminal stimulation

A

below absolute threshold, no powerful enduring effect on behavior

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10
Q

difference threshold

A

smallest difference between 2 stimuli that can be reliably detected 50% of the time

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11
Q

JND

A

just noticeable difference, depends on intensity of stimuli

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12
Q

sensory adaptation

A

diminished sensitivity given constant stimulation, need change and contrast, eyes move slightly to avoid vision adaptation

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13
Q

light waves

A

physical input of vision, small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum

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14
Q

wavelength

A

frequence, distance between peaks, influences hue-color, short= blue, long= red

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15
Q

amplitude

A

intensity- height of the wave, how bright

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16
Q

cornea

A

eyeball’s protective cover

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17
Q

pupil

A

controls the amount of light

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18
Q

iris

A

muscle controlling the pupil size

19
Q

lens

A

changes shape to cocus light on retnia

20
Q

retnia

A

inner surface that contains visual receptors

21
Q

rods

A

low levels of light, non-color vision, peripheral

22
Q

cones

A

color vision, need light, concentrated at fovea

23
Q

dark adaptation

A

recovery of the eye’s sensitivity to visual stimuli in darkness after exposure to bright light

24
Q

optic nerve

A

carries neural impulese from eye to brain

25
perception feature detection
nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific featuers, angles, lines, orientation, location
26
parallel processing
processing many aspects of a problem simultatneously
27
gestalt principle
the whole is greater than the parts
28
figure-ground relationships
objects/ figures exist on a background
29
grouping
tendency to organize stimuli into groups
30
grouping principles
proximity, similarity, continuity, common region, closure
31
size constancy
perception that objects remain the same size even though retinal image may changes
32
shape constancy
perception that objects remain the same shape even through retinal image change
33
depth perception
ability to perceive the world in 3 dimensions
34
retinal disparity
differing views on each retnia, binocular cue
35
convergence
how the eyes are turned towards each other, binocular cue
36
relative size
larger objects are closer, M
37
interposition
objects occluding others are closer, M
38
relative clarity
hazy objects are further, M
39
texture gradient
we see more texture of close up objects, M
40
relative height
objects higher in visual field are further, M
41
motion parallax
apparent motion faster for nearer objects, M
42
linear perspective
parallel lines converge in the distance
43
ponzo illusion
same sizes arranged differently
44
muller lyer illusion
arrow lines, reflects common experience of corners of walls