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psych > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

study of physical cognitive and social change through lifespan

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2
Q

conception

A

combining of genetic material from sperm and egg

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3
Q

zygote

A 
conception- week2, implantation occurs 
cells differentiate (specialize)
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4
Q

embryo

A

week 3-8 all major internal and external structures form
structures outside embryo- amniotic sac, placenta
umbilical chord- connection

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5
Q

Fetus

A

week 9-38, organs increase in size and weight

changes in external appearance, responsive to sound

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6
Q

age of viability

A

23 weeks

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7
Q

teratogens

A

environmental agents that can reach embryo/ fetus and cause harm
caffein- low birth weight, premature birth
smoking- impairs placenta, decrease in weight
alcohol- birth defects, fetal alcohol syndrom

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8
Q

rooting

A

reflex in which the newborn searches for nipple

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9
Q

palmar

A

reflex in which the newborn grasps can support own weight

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10
Q

sucking

A

reflex involving tonguing, swallowing, and breathing

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11
Q

startle

A

reflexes including fright etc…

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12
Q

preferences

A

a newborn prefers certain faces like mom and dad especially moms face and smell

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13
Q

novelty

A

a newborn prefers to look at novel stimuli

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14
Q

non-nutritive sucking

A

newborns will modify sucking to hear familiar sounds

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15
Q

habituation

A

decrease in responding with repeated stimulation

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16
Q

dishabituation

A

recovery of a response after changing the stimulus

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17
Q

cognition

A

all mental activities associated with thinking knowing remembering and communicating

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18
Q

schema

A

mental model that organizes and interprets info

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19
Q

assimilation

A

interpreting new experiences based on existing schemas

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20
Q

accomodation

A

adjust schema to include new info

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21
Q

Piaget’s Stages

A

1 sensorimotor
2 preoperational
3 concrete operational
4 formal operational period

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22
Q

sensori motor

A

explore environment through senses

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23
Q

object permanence

A

things exist even when not percieved

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24
Q

scale errors

A

can’t distinguish between big and small, real and representation

25
Q

egocentrism

A

inability to take another’s perspective- 2`

26
Q

conservation

A

physical properties conserved even when appearance changes-2

27
Q

theory of mind

A

idea about your own and other’s mental states-2

28
Q

transitivity

A

logically combine relations to draw conclusions-3

29
Q

attachment

A

strong emotional bond with prime caregiver

30
Q

secure base

A

the child will always come back to mom or dad

31
Q

stranger anxiety

A

stress with unknown individuals

32
Q

harlow monkey studies

A

baby monkeys were given surrogate mothers, monkeys spent time with the cloth mother, regardless of food

33
Q

secure attachement

A

upset when mom leaves, happy upon return

34
Q

avoidant

A

not upset when mom leaves, doesn’t approach upon return

35
Q

resistant

A

upset when mom leaves, not comforted upon return

36
Q

disorganized. disoriented

A

greatest insecurity

37
Q

causes of insecure attachment

A

daycare? temperament? family stress?

38
Q

self concept

A

our understanding of who we are

39
Q

authoritarian parenting

A

power assertion, punishment, forced obedience

results in sense of powerlessness, antisocial behavior, reduced empathy, poor communication skills

40
Q

authoritative parenting

A

inductor, explains why rules are in place,

results in internalized good behavior , more empathy, sense of control

41
Q

permissive parenting

A

indifferent or indlugent

results in lack of self control, poor social skills, low respect for others, impulsive, immature, high crime rates

42
Q

adolescence

A

transition period from childhood to adulthood, beginning with puberty

43
Q

Preconventional Morality

A

1 level- before age 9, children show morality to avoid punishment or gain reward

44
Q

conventional morality

A

2nd level- by early adolescence, social rules and laws are upheld for their own sake

45
Q

Post conventional morality

A

affirms people’s agreed upon rights or follows one’s own ethical principles

46
Q

emerging adulthood

A

period marked by frequent change from the late teens through the 20s.
risky behavior, age of exploration, instability, self focus, feeling in-between, possibilities

47
Q

adulthood cognitive development

A

recall memory declines, recognition remains stable, prospective memory declines

48
Q

reminiscence bump

A

between 10 & 30 years of age, good recalling memories

49
Q

alzheimers

A

memory and reasoning decline, emotionally flat, disoriented, mentally vacant, neurons that produce acetylcholine deteriorate

50
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, increases in adulthood

51
Q

fluid knowledge

A

ability to reason speedily about abstract concepts, decreases in adulthood

52
Q

infancy stage

A

trust vs. mistrust

if needs are dependably met infants develop a sense of basic trust

53
Q

toddlerhood

A

autonomy vs shame and doubt

toddlesr learn to exercise their will and do things for themselves or they doubt their abilities

54
Q

preschool

A

initiative vs guilt

preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans or they feel guilty about their efforts to be independent

55
Q

elementary school

A

competence vs. inferiority

children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks or they feel inferior

56
Q

adolescence

A

identity vs role confusion
teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity or they become confused about who they are

57
Q

young adulthood

A

intimacy vs isolaton

young adults struggle to form close relationships to gain the capacity for intimate love or they feel socially isolated

58
Q

middle adulthood

A

generatively vs. stagnation
in middle age people discover a sense of contributing to the wrold usually through family and work or they may feel a lack of purpose

59
Q

late adulthood

A

integrity vs. despair

reflecting on his or her life an older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure

psych (13 decks)

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