Chapter 5

Question 1

Developmental Psychology

Answer 1

study of physical cognitive and social change through lifespan

Question 2

conception

Answer 2

combining of genetic material from sperm and egg

Question 3

zygote

Answer 3

conception- week2, implantation occurs 
cells differentiate (specialize)

Question 4

embryo

Answer 4

week 3-8 all major internal and external structures form
structures outside embryo- amniotic sac, placenta
umbilical chord- connection

Question 5

Fetus

Answer 5

week 9-38, organs increase in size and weight

changes in external appearance, responsive to sound

Question 6

age of viability

Answer 6

23 weeks

Question 7

teratogens

Answer 7

environmental agents that can reach embryo/ fetus and cause harm
caffein- low birth weight, premature birth
smoking- impairs placenta, decrease in weight
alcohol- birth defects, fetal alcohol syndrom

Question 8

rooting

Answer 8

reflex in which the newborn searches for nipple

Question 9

palmar

Answer 9

reflex in which the newborn grasps can support own weight

Question 10

sucking

Answer 10

reflex involving tonguing, swallowing, and breathing

Question 11

startle

Answer 11

reflexes including fright etc…

Question 12

preferences

Answer 12

a newborn prefers certain faces like mom and dad especially moms face and smell

Question 13

novelty

Answer 13

a newborn prefers to look at novel stimuli

Question 14

non-nutritive sucking

Answer 14

newborns will modify sucking to hear familiar sounds

Question 15

habituation

Answer 15

decrease in responding with repeated stimulation

Question 16

dishabituation

Answer 16

recovery of a response after changing the stimulus

Question 17

cognition

Answer 17

all mental activities associated with thinking knowing remembering and communicating

Question 18

schema

Answer 18

mental model that organizes and interprets info

Question 19

assimilation

Answer 19

interpreting new experiences based on existing schemas

Question 20

accomodation

Answer 20

adjust schema to include new info

Question 21

Piaget’s Stages

Answer 21

1 sensorimotor
2 preoperational
3 concrete operational
4 formal operational period

Question 22

sensori motor

Answer 22

explore environment through senses

Question 23

object permanence

Answer 23

things exist even when not percieved

Question 24

scale errors

Answer 24

can’t distinguish between big and small, real and representation

Question 25

egocentrism

Answer 25

inability to take another's perspective- 2`

Question 26

conservation

Answer 26

physical properties conserved even when appearance changes-2

Question 27

theory of mind

Answer 27

idea about your own and other's mental states-2

Question 28

transitivity

Answer 28

logically combine relations to draw conclusions-3

Question 29

attachment

Answer 29

strong emotional bond with prime caregiver

Question 30

secure base

Answer 30

the child will always come back to mom or dad

Question 31

stranger anxiety

Answer 31

stress with unknown individuals

Question 32

harlow monkey studies

Answer 32

baby monkeys were given surrogate mothers, monkeys spent time with the cloth mother, regardless of food

Question 33

secure attachement

Answer 33

upset when mom leaves, happy upon return

Question 34

avoidant

Answer 34

not upset when mom leaves, doesn't approach upon return

Question 35

resistant

Answer 35

upset when mom leaves, not comforted upon return

Question 36

disorganized. disoriented

Answer 36

greatest insecurity

Question 37

causes of insecure attachment

Answer 37

daycare? temperament? family stress?

Question 38

self concept

Answer 38

our understanding of who we are

Question 39

authoritarian parenting

Answer 39

power assertion, punishment, forced obedience | results in sense of powerlessness, antisocial behavior, reduced empathy, poor communication skills

Question 40

authoritative parenting

Answer 40

inductor, explains why rules are in place, | results in internalized good behavior , more empathy, sense of control

Question 41

permissive parenting

Answer 41

indifferent or indlugent | results in lack of self control, poor social skills, low respect for others, impulsive, immature, high crime rates

Question 42

adolescence

Answer 42

transition period from childhood to adulthood, beginning with puberty

Question 43

Preconventional Morality

Answer 43

1 level- before age 9, children show morality to avoid punishment or gain reward

Question 44

conventional morality

Answer 44

2nd level- by early adolescence, social rules and laws are upheld for their own sake

Question 45

Post conventional morality

Answer 45

affirms people's agreed upon rights or follows one's own ethical principles

Question 46

emerging adulthood

Answer 46

period marked by frequent change from the late teens through the 20s. risky behavior, age of exploration, instability, self focus, feeling in-between, possibilities

Question 47

adulthood cognitive development

Answer 47

recall memory declines, recognition remains stable, prospective memory declines

Question 48

reminiscence bump

Answer 48

between 10 & 30 years of age, good recalling memories

Question 49

alzheimers

Answer 49

memory and reasoning decline, emotionally flat, disoriented, mentally vacant, neurons that produce acetylcholine deteriorate

Question 50

crystallized intelligence

Answer 50

accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, increases in adulthood

Question 51

fluid knowledge

Answer 51

ability to reason speedily about abstract concepts, decreases in adulthood

Question 52

infancy stage

Answer 52

trust vs. mistrust | if needs are dependably met infants develop a sense of basic trust

Question 53

toddlerhood

Answer 53

autonomy vs shame and doubt | toddlesr learn to exercise their will and do things for themselves or they doubt their abilities

Question 54

preschool

Answer 54

initiative vs guilt | preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans or they feel guilty about their efforts to be independent

Question 55

elementary school

Answer 55

competence vs. inferiority | children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks or they feel inferior

Question 56

adolescence

Answer 56

identity vs role confusion teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity or they become confused about who they are

Question 57

young adulthood

Answer 57

intimacy vs isolaton | young adults struggle to form close relationships to gain the capacity for intimate love or they feel socially isolated

Question 58

middle adulthood

Answer 58

generatively vs. stagnation in middle age people discover a sense of contributing to the wrold usually through family and work or they may feel a lack of purpose

Question 59

late adulthood

Answer 59

integrity vs. despair | reflecting on his or her life an older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure