Chapter 7

Question 1

Behaviorism

Answer 1

predict and explain behavior by only focusing on observable stimuli, no reference to mental processes

Question 2

learning

Answer 2

relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience

Question 3

conditioning

Answer 3

learning observable associations

Question 4

classical conditioning

Answer 4

initially neutral stimulus elicits a response through association with another stimulus that already elicits the same response

Question 5

unconditioned stimulus

Answer 5

something that elicits a reflexive response

Question 6

unconditioned response

Answer 6

reflexive response elicited by US

Question 7

conditioned stimulus

Answer 7

originally neutral stimulus that becomes associated with US then elicits response

Question 8

conditioned response

Answer 8

response elicited by CS

Question 9

Basic Principles of Aquisition

Answer 9

cs must precede us
cs and us must come close together
paired several times
cs must be distinctive

Question 10

higher order conditioning

Answer 10

neutral stimulus associated with cs then becomes a cs

Question 11

extinction

Answer 11

cr goes away if cs presented without us

Question 12

stimulus generalization

Answer 12

cr elicited by stimuli similar to original cs

Question 13

operant conditioning

Answer 13

a behavior becomes more or less likely depending on consequence

Question 14

classical vs. operant

Answer 14

classical-
reflexive, involuntary, stimulus precedes behavior
operant-
voluntary behavior, behavior produces stimulus

Question 15

law of effect

Answer 15

response will be repeated if followed by a pleasurable consequence

Question 16

reinforcement

Answer 16

any stimulus that increases the likelihood of a response

Question 17

positive reinforcement

Answer 17

pleasant stimulus introduced

Question 18

negative reinforcement

Answer 18

unpleasant stimulus removed

Question 19

punishment

Answer 19

any stimulus that decreases the likelihood of response

Question 20

positive punishement

Answer 20

unpleasant stimulus introduced

Question 21

negative punishment

Answer 21

pleasant stimulus removed

Question 22

extinction in OC

Answer 22

disappearance of response after reinforcer is removed

Question 23

shaping

Answer 23

reinforcing a sequence of successive approximations, get closer and closer to desired behavior

Question 24

continuous reinforcement

Answer 24

reinforcement follows every response, works shortterm

Question 25

partial/ intermittent reinforcement

Answer 25

reinforcer follows some responses, takes longer