Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Memory

A

persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information

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2
Q

stage model

A

snesory memory- short term memory- long term memory

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3
Q

sensory memory

A

immediate, very brief recording of sensory info
holds everything in an accurate form
very brief

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4
Q

echoic memory

A

auditory sensory memory

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5
Q

iconic memory

A

visual sensory memory

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6
Q

short term memory

A

temporarily maintains info from sensory memory for transfer into LTM,
limited duration,
limited capacity

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7
Q

working memory

A

expanded form of STM, includes processing compontents

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8
Q

automatic processing

A

unconscious encoding of information

space, time, frequency, well-learned information, recalling a day

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9
Q

effortful porcessing

A

maintenance rehearsal, rout repetition, not effective`
serial position effect
primacy effect
recency effect

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10
Q

elaborative rehersal

A

associating new info with other info and or prior knowledge

imagery, rhymes

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11
Q

method of Loci

A

connecting info with a familiar location

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12
Q

level of processin gmodel

A

deeper processing leads to longer retention

shallow, moderate, deep- semantic encoding

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13
Q

long term memory

A

relatiely permanent and limitless storehouse

large capacity/ duration

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14
Q

nondeclaritive memory

A

knowing how, memory for performance of actions/ skills
implicit memory
difficult to explain

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15
Q

declaritive memory

A

memory for facts, rules, concepts, events
knowing that
explicit memory
easy to explain

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16
Q

semantic

A

general knowledge

17
Q

episodic

A

memory of specific events

18
Q

recall retrieval test

A

produce information from memory
serial
free
cued

19
Q

recognition

A

identify previously learned items

20
Q

explicit test

A

consciously try to recall

21
Q

implicit test

A

rely on previously learned info, but no awareness of it

stem completion

22
Q

retrieval cues

A

stimulus for remembering

23
Q

encoding specificity

A

retrieval better if cues from encoding are present

24
Q

stated dependent learning

A

similar states at encoding and test can make recall easier

25
mood-congruent memory
sad think of sad memories | happy think of happy memories
26
transience
sin of forgetting, loss of info with passage of time
27
absentmindedness
sin of forgetting, attention/ encoding problem
28
blocking
failure to retrieve info from LTM
29
misattribution
sin of distortion, memory ascribed to the wrong source
30
suggestibility
sin of distortion, someone led to false recollection
31
persistence
sin of intrusion, automatic retrieval of unwanted memories
32
why do we forget?
encoding failure storage decay/ disuse retrieval failure- available vs. accessible
33
proactive interference
old material interferes with new
34
retroactive interference
new material interferes with old
35
flashbulb memories
vivid memories of an emotionally significant event | not more accurate, we are just more confident
36
misinformation effect
corruption of memory by misleading information
37
source amnesia
linking a memory to an incorrect source source misattribution imagination inflation
38
applications
eyewitness testimony, children suggestibility
39
improving memory
``` study repeatedly, space it out make it meaningful activate retrieval cues use mnemonic devies minimize interference sleep more test yoursefl ```