Chapter 8

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information

Question 2

stage model

Answer 2

snesory memory- short term memory- long term memory

Question 3

sensory memory

Answer 3

immediate, very brief recording of sensory info
holds everything in an accurate form
very brief

Question 4

echoic memory

Answer 4

auditory sensory memory

Question 5

iconic memory

Answer 5

visual sensory memory

Question 6

short term memory

Answer 6

temporarily maintains info from sensory memory for transfer into LTM,
limited duration,
limited capacity

Question 7

working memory

Answer 7

expanded form of STM, includes processing compontents

Question 8

automatic processing

Answer 8

unconscious encoding of information

space, time, frequency, well-learned information, recalling a day

Question 9

effortful porcessing

Answer 9

maintenance rehearsal, rout repetition, not effective`
serial position effect
primacy effect
recency effect

Question 10

elaborative rehersal

Answer 10

associating new info with other info and or prior knowledge

imagery, rhymes

Question 11

method of Loci

Answer 11

connecting info with a familiar location

Question 12

level of processin gmodel

Answer 12

deeper processing leads to longer retention

shallow, moderate, deep- semantic encoding

Question 13

long term memory

Answer 13

relatiely permanent and limitless storehouse

large capacity/ duration

Question 14

nondeclaritive memory

Answer 14

knowing how, memory for performance of actions/ skills
implicit memory
difficult to explain

Question 15

declaritive memory

Answer 15

memory for facts, rules, concepts, events
knowing that
explicit memory
easy to explain

Question 16

semantic

Answer 16

general knowledge

Question 17

episodic

Answer 17

memory of specific events

Question 18

recall retrieval test

Answer 18

produce information from memory
serial
free
cued

Question 19

recognition

Answer 19

identify previously learned items

Question 20

explicit test

Answer 20

consciously try to recall

Question 21

implicit test

Answer 21

rely on previously learned info, but no awareness of it

stem completion

Question 22

retrieval cues

Answer 22

stimulus for remembering

Question 23

encoding specificity

Answer 23

retrieval better if cues from encoding are present

Question 24

stated dependent learning

Answer 24

similar states at encoding and test can make recall easier

Question 25

mood-congruent memory

Answer 25

sad think of sad memories

happy think of happy memories

Question 26

transience

Answer 26

sin of forgetting, loss of info with passage of time

Question 27

absentmindedness

Answer 27

sin of forgetting, attention/ encoding problem

Question 28

blocking

Answer 28

failure to retrieve info from LTM

Question 29

misattribution

Answer 29

sin of distortion, memory ascribed to the wrong source

Question 30

suggestibility

Answer 30

sin of distortion, someone led to false recollection

Question 31

persistence

Answer 31

sin of intrusion, automatic retrieval of unwanted memories

Question 32

why do we forget?

Answer 32

encoding failure
storage decay/ disuse
retrieval failure- available vs. accessible

Question 33

proactive interference

Answer 33

old material interferes with new

Question 34

retroactive interference

Answer 34

new material interferes with old

Question 35

flashbulb memories

Answer 35

vivid memories of an emotionally significant event

not more accurate, we are just more confident

Question 36

misinformation effect

Answer 36

corruption of memory by misleading information

Question 37

source amnesia

Answer 37

linking a memory to an incorrect source
source misattribution
imagination inflation

Question 38

applications

Answer 38

eyewitness testimony, children suggestibility

Question 39

improving memory

Answer 39

study repeatedly, space it out
make it meaningful
activate retrieval cues
use mnemonic devies
minimize interference
sleep more
test yoursefl