Chapter 8 Flashcards
Memory
persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
stage model
snesory memory- short term memory- long term memory
sensory memory
immediate, very brief recording of sensory info
holds everything in an accurate form
very brief
echoic memory
auditory sensory memory
iconic memory
visual sensory memory
short term memory
temporarily maintains info from sensory memory for transfer into LTM,
limited duration,
limited capacity
working memory
expanded form of STM, includes processing compontents
automatic processing
unconscious encoding of information
space, time, frequency, well-learned information, recalling a day
effortful porcessing
maintenance rehearsal, rout repetition, not effective`
serial position effect
primacy effect
recency effect
elaborative rehersal
associating new info with other info and or prior knowledge
imagery, rhymes
method of Loci
connecting info with a familiar location
level of processin gmodel
deeper processing leads to longer retention
shallow, moderate, deep- semantic encoding
long term memory
relatiely permanent and limitless storehouse
large capacity/ duration
nondeclaritive memory
knowing how, memory for performance of actions/ skills
implicit memory
difficult to explain
declaritive memory
memory for facts, rules, concepts, events
knowing that
explicit memory
easy to explain
semantic
general knowledge
episodic
memory of specific events
recall retrieval test
produce information from memory
serial
free
cued
recognition
identify previously learned items
explicit test
consciously try to recall
implicit test
rely on previously learned info, but no awareness of it
stem completion
retrieval cues
stimulus for remembering
encoding specificity
retrieval better if cues from encoding are present
stated dependent learning
similar states at encoding and test can make recall easier
mood-congruent memory
sad think of sad memories
happy think of happy memories
transience
sin of forgetting, loss of info with passage of time
absentmindedness
sin of forgetting, attention/ encoding problem
blocking
failure to retrieve info from LTM
misattribution
sin of distortion, memory ascribed to the wrong source
suggestibility
sin of distortion, someone led to false recollection
persistence
sin of intrusion, automatic retrieval of unwanted memories
why do we forget?
encoding failure
storage decay/ disuse
retrieval failure- available vs. accessible
proactive interference
old material interferes with new
retroactive interference
new material interferes with old
flashbulb memories
vivid memories of an emotionally significant event
not more accurate, we are just more confident
misinformation effect
corruption of memory by misleading information
source amnesia
linking a memory to an incorrect source
source misattribution
imagination inflation
applications
eyewitness testimony, children suggestibility
improving memory
study repeatedly, space it out make it meaningful activate retrieval cues use mnemonic devies minimize interference sleep more test yoursefl
