Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step 1 Flash Cards > Psych > Flashcards

Psych Flashcards

1
Q

positive reinforcement

A
  • positive stimulus increases a behavior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

negative reinforcement

A
  • removal of a negative stimulus increases a behavior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

punishment

A
  • averse stimulus stops a behavior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

extinction

A
  • removal of a positive stimulus stops a behavior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

transference

A
  • patient projects feelings about others onto physician (psychiatrist is seen as parent)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

countertransference

A
  • doctor projects feelings about important people onto patient (pt reminds them of a younger sibling)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

acting out

A

immature defense, expressing unacceptable feelings and thoughts through actions
- ex: tantrums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

dissociation

A

immature defense, temporary, drastic change in personality, memory, consciousness or motor behavior to avoid emotional stress
- extreme forms can result in dissociative identity disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

denial

A

immature defense, avoid the awareness of some painful reality
- a common reaction in newly diagnosed AIDS/cancer patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

displacement

A

immature defense, transferring avoided ideas and feelings to some neutral person/object
- mother yells at child because her husband yelled at her, husband punches a wall because he is mad at wife

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

projection

A

immature defense, attributing an unacceptable internal impulse (or ones own feelings) to an external source (or others)
- man who wants another woman thinks his wife is cheating on him, kid whose parents are getting divorced thinks they are mad at him

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

fixation

A
  • immature defense, partially remaining at a more childish level of development
  • men fixating on sports games
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

regression

A

immature defense, turning back the maturational clock and going back to earlier modes of dealing with the world
- seen in children under stress such as illness, punishment, or birth of new sibling (previously toilet trained starts bed wetting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

identification

A

immature defense, modeling behavior after another who is more powerful (although not always admired)
- abused child identifies with abuser

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

isolation of affect

A

immature defense, separating feelings from ideas and events

- describing murder in graphic detail with no emotional response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

fantasy

A

subtituting imaginary scenarios for reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

rationalization

A

immature defense, proclaiming logical reasons for action actually performed for other reasons, usually to avoid self blame
- after getting fired, saying the job wasnt important anyways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

repression

A

immature defense, involuntary withholding an idea or feeling from conscious awareness
- not remembering a conflictual or traumatic experience, pressing bad thoughts into the unconscious

19
Q

suppression

A

mature defense, intentional witholding of an idea or feeling from conscious awareness
- choosing not to worry about the big game until its time to play, choosing not to worry about your step 1 grade

20
Q

altruism

A

mature defense, alleviating guilty feelings by unsolicited generosity towards others (avoiding negative feelings by helping others)
- mafia boss makes a large charitable donation, alcoholic stops drinking and volunteers

21
Q

humor

A

mature defense, appreciating the amusing nature of an anxiety provoking or adverse situation
- ex: nervous medical student makes jokes about a test

22
Q

sublimation

A

mature defense, replacing an unacceptable wish with a course of action that is similar to the wish but does not conflict with one’s value system

23
Q

conduct disorder

A
  • repetitive and pervasive d/o of violating basic human rights (physical aggression, vandalism)
  • may go on to antisocial personality disorder
24
Q

ODD

A
  • enduring pattern of hostile, defiant behavior toward authority figures in the absence of serious violations of social norms
25
Q

tourettes

A

need to have symptoms x 1 year, frequently coexists with OCD/ADHD

26
Q

Rett disorder

A

X linked disorder seen almost exclusively in girls
- symptoms apparent age 1-4, including regression characterized by loss of development, loss of verbal abilities, intellectual disability, ataxia, and stereotyped hand wringing

27
Q

delusional d/o

A
  • fixed, persistent, untrue belief system lasting > 1 month

- functioning not otherwise impaired

28
Q

keeping “schizo” straight

A
  • < 1 month - brief psychotic d/p
  • 1-6 months - schizophreniform
  • > 6 months - schizophrenia
    • 2 weeks of mood symptoms (must have 2 weeks with solo psychosis) - schizoaffective
29
Q

mania

A

DIG FAST x 1 week
- distractability, irresponsibility, grandiosity, flight of ideas, increased goal-directed activity/psychomotor agitation, sleep req decreased, talkative/pressured speech

30
Q

Bipolar d/o

A

Type I - 1 manic episode with or without a hypomanic or depressive episode
Type II - hypomanic and depressive episode

31
Q

dysthymia

A

2 symptoms of depression x 2 years

32
Q

post partum blues

A

depressed affect, tearfulness, and fatigue staring 2-3 days after delivery
- usually resolves within 10 days

33
Q

post partum depression

A
  • 10-15% incidence rate

- depression that starts within 4 weeks of delivery, lasts 2 weeks to a year or more

34
Q

pathologic grief

A
  • prolonged greif lasting > 6-12 months or grief that is delayed, inhibited or denied
  • may experience depression, delusions or hallucinations
35
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

uncontrollable anxiety for > 6 months unrelated to a specific person, situation or event
- associated with sleep disturbance, fatigue, GI disturbance of difficulty concentrating

36
Q

adjustment d/o

A

emotional symptoms (anxiety, depression) causing impairment following an identifiable stressor for < 6 months

37
Q

PTSD vs. acute stress disorder

A

acute stress is 3 days - 1 month, PTSD is more than 1 month

38
Q

narcolepsy

A
  • disordered regualtion of sleep wake cycles
  • decreased orexin production in the lateral hypothalamus (hypocretin-1/orexin-A deficiency in the CSF)
  • hyponogogic and hyponopompic hallucinations
  • sleep starts with REM sleep (REM latency < 15 minutes)
  • cataplexy or spontaneous facial movements without emotional triggers
  • treat with daytime stimulants (amphetamines, modafinil) and nighttime sodium oxybate (GHB)
39
Q

opioid intox and withdrawal

A
  • intox: euphoria, CNS depression, decreased gag, pupillary constriction and seizures
  • w/d: sweating, dilated pupils, piloerection, fever, rhinorrhea, yawning, nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea
40
Q

barbituates intox and withdrawal

A
  • intox: resp depression

- w/d: delerium, life-threatening CV collapse

41
Q

benzo intox and withdrawal

A
  • intox: ataxia, minor resp depression

- w/d: sleep disturbance, depression, rebound anxiety, seizure, tremors, perceptual disturbances

42
Q

amphetamine intox and withdrawal

A
  • intox: euphoria, grandiosity, pupillary dilation, prolonged wakefulness and attention, HTN, tachycardia, anorexia, paranoia, fever
  • w/d: anhedonia, increased appetite, hypersomnolence, existential crisis/severe depression
43
Q

cocaine

A
  • intox: impaired judgement, pupillary dilation, hallucinations, paranoid ideations, angina, sudden cardiac death
  • w/d: hypersomnolence, malaise, severe psychological craving, depression/suicidality
44
Q

nicotine

A
  • intox: restlessness
  • w/d: irritability, anxiety, craving
  • treat withdrawal with buproprion/varenicline (competitive partial agonist of nicotinic Ach receptor that decreases symptoms of withdrawal and increase efficacy of nicotine)

Step 1 Flash Cards (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions