PSYC week 8 Flashcards
Identify the key structures of the eye and the role they play in vision.
-cornea: clear coating that protects the eye
-pupil
-iris: controls the size of pupil
-lens
-retina: contains photoreceptor cells, at the back of the eye
Summarize how the eye and the visual cortex work together to sense and perceive the visual stimuli in the environment, including processing colours, shape, depth, and motion
multimodal perception: the effects on the perception of events when there is information from more than one sensory modality, information is combined and treated as a unitary representation of the world (integrated)
-super additive effect of multisensory integration
-principle of inverse effectiveness
Vision;
Cornea
Iris
Pupil
Lens
Retina
Rods
Cones
Cornea - Clear part outside of our pupil
Iris - Colored part that helps control pupil size
Pupil - Hole that allow light through, and must contract and expand at will
Lens - Behind pupil, refracts light onto retina, and focuses it.
Retina - Thin layer on back of eye with photoreceptors
Rods - See in black and white, sensitive to low light. More along the edges of the retina.
Cones - See in color. Sensitive to bright light. More in the center of the retina.
Light passes through the cornea, into the pupil, which has contracted or expanded using the iris to allow in the right amount of light. Our lens then refracts that light onto the retina, which contains rods and cones, which pick up black/white, and color respectively.
Describe how gustation (taste) and olfaction (smell) are different from the other senses.
They are the chemical senses., tey don’t respond to light, sound, or pressure. They respond to chemicals that bind with receptors causing specific sensations.
Blind spot
A hole in our vision because there are no photoreceptor cells at the place where the optic nerve leaves the retina
Optic nerve
A collection of millions of ganglion neurons that sends vast amounts of visual information, via the thalamus, to the brain
Gestalt
A collection of physical, biological, psychological or symbolic elements that creates a whole, unified concept or pattern which is other than the sum of its parts, due to the relationships between the parts (of a character, personality, entity, or being)
examples: Figure-ground, Similarity, Proximity, Continuity, Closure
Define the basic terminology and basic principles of multimodal perception.
Multimodal phenomena concern stimuli that generate simultaneous (or nearly simultaneous) information in more than one sensory modality. As discussed above, speech is a classic example of this kind of stimulus.
Describe the neuroanatomy of multisensory integration and name some of the regions of the cortex and midbrain that have been implicated in multisensory processing.
-multisensory convergence zones: regions of the brain that receive input from multiple unimodal areas processing different sensory modalities
-large number of regions in midbrain and cerebral cortex respond to stimuli from multiple sensory neurons
-superior colliculus: receives input from from regions processing unimodal auditory and visual stimuli, also involved in “orienting response”, moving one eye gaze towards auditory stimuli
-neurons in the primary visual cortex have been found to receive information from the primary auditory cortex, indicates that at an early stage visual information is influenced by auditory information
-overlap of crossmodal receptive fields plays a role in the integration of crossmodal stimuli
Explain the difference between multimodal phenomena and crossmodal phenomena.
-multimodal phenomena: binding of inputs from multiple sensory modalities and their effect on perception, generate simultaneous information in more than one sensory modality
-crossmodal phenomena: the influence of one sensory modality on another
Give examples of multimodal and crossmodal behavioral effects.
-multimodal phenomena: binding of inputs from multiple sensory modalities and their effect on perception, generate simultaneous information in more than one sensory modality
-crossmodal phenomena: the influence of one sensory modality on another
McGurk effect
An effect in which conflicting visual and auditory components of a speech stimulus result in an illusory percept.
Rubber hand illusion
The false perception of a fake hand as belonging to a perceiver, due to multimodal sensory information.
Primary auditory cortex
A region of the cortex devoted to the processing of simple auditory information.
Primary visual cortex
A region of the cortex devoted to the processing of simple visual information.
