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A4 Canine Medicine > Pseudorabies > Flashcards

Pseudorabies Flashcards

1
Q

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) belongs to which viral family?

A

Herpesviridae

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2
Q

What is the primary reservoir host for PRV?

A

Pigs

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3
Q

How does PRV typically enter the central nervous system in dogs and cats?

A

Retrograde axonal transport via nerve fibers

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4
Q

What is the typical incubation period for PRV in dogs and cats?

A

3-6 days

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5
Q

Which cranial nerves are most frequently involved in the pathogenesis of PRV in orally infected cats?

A

Cranial Nerve IX and X

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6
Q

What is the most characteristic clinical sign of PRV infection in dogs and cats?

A

Intense pruritus

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7
Q

Which neurological sign is highly consistent in cats with PRV?

A

Anisocoria and hoarse voice

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8
Q

What is a common finding in the cerebrospinal fluid of animals with PRV?

A

Mononuclear pleocytosis

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9
Q

Which diagnostic method has replaced traditional animal inoculation studies for PRV?

A

Direct fluorescent antibody examination

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10
Q

What is the preferred tissue for virus isolation in cases of suspected PRV?

A

Brain and tonsils

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11
Q

What is a typical cytopathic effect observed in tissue culture inoculated with PRV

A

Syncytial formation

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12
Q

What is a consistent pathological finding in dogs and cats with PRV?

A

Pulmonary edema and congestion

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13
Q

Where are the lesions in the central nervous system primarily located in PRV infection?

A

Brainstem

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14
Q

What are the characteristic microscopic lesions in the brain of animals with PRV?

A

Perivascular cuffing and gliosis

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15
Q

What is the prognosis for dogs and cats with clinical signs of PRV?

A

Almost always fatal

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16
Q

Which treatment approach is considered ineffective for PRV?

a) Antiviral medications
b) Anti-PRV serum
c) Supportive care
d) Corticosteroids

A

Anti-PRV serum

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17
Q

Which type of PRV vaccine may cause postvaccinal reactions that are as lethal as the natural infection?

A

Attenuated vaccines

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18
Q

What is the primary mode of transmission of PRV to dogs and cats?

A

Ingestion of contaminated raw pork

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19
Q

What is the primary mechanism by which PRV causes damage to nerve cells?

A

Inflammatory changes and functional alterations

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20
Q

Which of the following is NOT a common clinical sign of PRV in dogs and cats?

a) Hyperactivity
b) Dyspnea
c) Hypersalivation
d) Self-mutilation

A

Hyperactivity

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21
Q

Which of the following is NOT a typical finding in the brain of PRV-infected animals?

a) Microabscesses
b) Eosinophilic viral inclusion bodies
c) Bacterial colonies
d) Perivascular cuffing

A

Bacterial colonies

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22
Q

What is the role of human adenoviruses in experimental immunization against PRV in cats?

a) They act as adjuvants.
b) They serve as vectors for PRV antigens.
c) They directly neutralize PRV.
d) They enhance viral replication.

A

They serve as vectors for PRV antigens.

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23
Q

Which specific brain region is most consistently affected by PRV, leading to the characteristic cranial nerve deficits?

A

Medulla oblongata

24
Q

In cases where gastrointestinal signs predominate in PRV-infected dogs, what specific pathological finding in the alimentary canal has been reported?

A

Myenteric plexus inflammation

25
Name the country that is Pseudorabies-free.
Australia
26
Pseudorabies in pigs are ___ due to their well-adaptation of the virus.
Subclinical
27
True or False. Venereal transmission of PRV is possible when infected boars shed the virus in semen.
True.
28
What is the usual duration, in hours, of severe PRV illness in dogs and cats?
48 hours
29
Pseudorabies in ___ is always fatal.
Dogs
30
These species are somewhat resistant to pseudorabies but rarely recover from the disease.
Cats
31
In dogs and cats with Pseudorabies, where is the most characteristic location for intense pruritus (itching)?
Head region
32
Neurological signs such as anisocoria, facial paralysis, and difficulty swallowing in PRV infection are indicative of lesions in which area?
Lower brainstem
33
Often occur as sequelae to frantic scratching due to PRV infection
Generalized convulsions
34
Which neurological symptom is typically a late-stage finding in animals with fatal Pseudorabies?
Paresis and paralysis
35
In some feline cases of Pseudorabies, what type of clinical signs predominantly precede death?
Acute gastrointestinal signs
36
While neurological signs are typical in Pseudorabies, which alternative clinical presentation has been observed in some infected dogs?
Gastrointestinal signs
37
For diagnosis of PRV, these findings strongly indicative of viral encephalitis but is not specific for pseudorabies.
Increase in protein concentration and mononuclear pleocytosis.
38
What was the traditional method for diagnosing Pseudorabies, involving the inoculation of infected tissue into an animal?
Cutaneous inoculation into a rabbit
39
Which animal was traditionally used for the cutaneous inoculation of infected tissue in the diagnosis of Pseudorabies?
Rabbit
40
What clinical signs were observed in the traditionally used animal after cutaneous inoculation of Pseudorabies-infected tissue?
Scratching and automutilation
41
How long was the typical incubation period before clinical signs developed in the traditionally used animal after cutaneous inoculation of Pseudorabies-infected tissue?
5-6 days
42
What was the typical outcome for the animal used in the traditional cutaneous inoculation method for diagnosing Pseudorabies?
Rapid death
43
Besides cutaneous inoculation in rabbits, which other method of inoculation was used in traditional Pseudorabies diagnosis, specifically in mice?
Intracranial
44
Direct fluorescent antibody examination for PRV detection can be performed on which type of samples?
Smears or frozen tissue sections
45
Which tissues are considered the 'tissues of choice' for direct fluorescent antibody examination in suspected Pseudorabies cases?
Brain and tonsils
46
Which cell line is most commonly used in laboratories for Pseudorabies virus (PRV) isolation in tissue culture?
Pig kidney epithelial cells
47
Pseudorabies virus can be isolated in tissue culture from which organs of infected animals
Lungs Spleen Brain Tonsils
48
What specific cytopathic effect is observed in tissue culture when Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is present?
Syncytial formation
49
How many hours post-inoculation is a definite cytopathic effect typically visible in tissue culture infected with Pseudorabies virus (PRV)?
12-24 hours
50
What are the types of samples are considered unsuitable for Pseudorabies virus (PRV) isolation in dogs?
Pharyngeal washings, tonsillar swabs, and saliva
51
Which gross lesion is considered a characteristic finding in Pseudorabies infection?
Skin lesions due to intense pruritus
52
Which respiratory lesion is a consistent finding in Pseudorabies infection?
Pulmonary edema and congestion
53
What cardiac lesion has been observed in dogs and cats with Pseudorabies?
Focal myocarditis
54
What microscopic finding is characteristic of Pseudorabies lesions in the brainstem?
Perivascular cuffing and gliosis
55
What changes are observed in the areas of focal gliosis in Pseudorabies-infected brains?
Degeneration (karyorrhexis) and microabscess formation
56
What is the most significant finding in the nuclei of astrocytes and neurons in Pseudorabies-infected brains?
Weak eosinophilic viral inclusion bodies
57
True or False. Natural infection with PRV has not been observed in vaccinated dogs and cats.
True

A4 Canine Medicine (13 decks)

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