Canine Ehrlichiosis Flashcards
Which cell type is primarily infected by Ehrlichia canis?
Monocytes and lymphocytes
Which Ehrlichia species primarily infects neutrophils and eosinophils in dogs?
Ehrlichia ewingii
Which Anaplasma species primarily infects monocytes in cattle and causes “Nopi” or “Nofel” disease?
Anaplasma bovis
Which tick species is the primary vector for Ehrlichia canis transmission?
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
What is the term used to describe the intracellular microcolonies formed by Ehrlichia canis?
Morulae
Which dog breed is reported to be most susceptible to Ehrlichia canis infection?
German Shepherd Dog
What type of transmission is observed with Rhipicephalus sanguineus in the context of Ehrlichia species?
Transstadial transmission
Which Ehrlichia species is known to cause human monocytic ehrlichiosis?
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
What is the primary difference in cellular tropism between Ehrlichia canis and Ehrlichia ewingii in canine hosts?
E. canis infects monocytes, while E. ewingii infects granulocytes.
What is the key difference between Anaplasma species that infect ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats) and those that infect equines (horses)?
Equine Anaplasma species primarily infect granulocytes, while ruminant species primarily infect monocytes.
What are the three stages of Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME)?
Acute, subclinical, and chronic
What is a common clinical sign observed in the chronic phase of CME?
Pancytopenia
Which cell lines are used to culture Ehrlichia species?
Canine macrophage cell line (DH82)
Mouse macrophage cell line (J774.A1)
Which serological test is considered the “gold standard” for confirming a diagnosis of ehrlichiosis?
Indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT)
Which diagnostic method is considered the most reliable for diagnosing Ehrlichia infection?
PCR techniques
What is the typical duration of the acute phase of CME?
3 to 5 weeks
What is the treatment of choice for rickettsial diseases, including canine ehrlichiosis?
Tetracyclines
Which drug has been successful in treating resistant E. canis infections?
Imidocarb dipropionate
How long does imidocarb dipropionate persist in tissues after a single dose?
1 month
What is a key indicator of successful treatment for ehrlichiosis?
Normal platelet count at 4 and 8 weeks
How long should hyperglobulinemia take to resolve after successful treatment of ehrlichiosis?
6 to 9 months
When should PCR results be negative after successful ehrlichiosis treatment?
2 weeks after treatment
What is the recommended prophylactic drug and dosage for dogs in highly endemic Ehrlichia areas?
Doxycycline (3 mg/kg PO q24h)
