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A4 Canine Medicine > Canine Papillomas > Flashcards

Canine Papillomas Flashcards

1
Q

What is the scientific name of the virus family that causes canine papillomatosis?

A

Papovaviridae

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2
Q

What are the two main types of papillomas described in the text regarding transmission?

A

Naturally occurring noninfectious and transmissible virus-induced

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3
Q

What are the two main cell types affected by papillomavirus infection in the epidermis?

A

Basal keratinocytes and suprabasal layers

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4
Q

Name three clinical forms of papillomatosis described in dogs

A

Oral papillomatosis
Venereal papillomas
Cutaneous papillomas

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5
Q

What is the typical incubation period for Canine Oral Papillomavirus (COPV) postinoculation?

A

4 to 8 weeks

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6
Q

What cellular immune components are associated with papilloma regression?

A

CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes

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7
Q

Name two methods of physical treatment for canine papillomas.

A

Surgical excision
Cryosurgery
Electrosurgery
Laser therapy

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8
Q

What is one retinoid used in the treatment of cutaneous papillomatosis?

A

Etretinate

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9
Q

What is the name of the immunostimulant mentioned as a potential alternative to interferon therapy?

A

Acemannan

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10
Q

What is the most common clinically relevant form of papillomatosis in dogs?

A

Oral papillomatosis

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11
Q

Papillomavirus is a:
a) Single-stranded RNA virus
b) Double-stranded DNA virus
c) Lipid-enveloped virus
d) Bacterium

A

Double-stranded DNA virus

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12
Q

Transmission of papillomavirus occurs through:

A

Direct and indirect contact

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13
Q

Papillomavirus primarily replicates in:
a) Muscle tissue
b) Nervous tissue
c) Epithelial tissue
d) Connective tissue

A

Epithelial tissue

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14
Q

Spontaneous regression of papillomas is more likely in:
a) Immunocompromised dogs
b) Immunocompetent dogs
c) Older dogs
d) Puppies

A

Immunocompetent dogs

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15
Q

Malignant transformation of papillomas is:
a) Common in dogs
b) Uncommon in dogs
c) Limited to oral papillomas
d) Associated with parvovirus

A

Uncommon in dogs

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16
Q

The first tissue response to COPV infection is:

A

Hyperkeratosis

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17
Q

Papillomavirus targets:
a) Basal keratinocytes
b) Muscle cells
c) Nerve cells
d) Blood cells

A

Basal keratinocytes

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18
Q

Regression of papillomas is associated with:

a) Increased viral load
b) CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes
c) IgA deficiency
d) Glucocorticoid therapy

A

CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes

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19
Q

Oral papillomas typically appear as:

A

Pedunculated or cauliflower-like masses

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20
Q

Ocular papillomas are:

a) More common than oral papillomas
b) Less common than oral papillomas
c) Associated with parvovirus
d) Limited to older dogs

A

Less common than oral papillomas

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21
Q

Cutaneous inverted papillomas usually occur on the:

A

Ventrum and inguinal regions

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22
Q

Multiple papillomas affecting the footpads:
a) Are associated with a virus
b) Are not associated with a virus
c) Are common in puppies
d) Always regress spontaneously

A

Are not associated with a virus

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23
Q

Diagnosis of papillomatosis is primarily based on:

A

Gross appearance and epidemiology

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24
Q

Treatment for papillomas is indicated when:
a) There are a few lesions
b) Lesions are self-limiting
c) Tumors persist and cause complications
d) There is no spontaneous regression

A

Tumors persist and cause complications

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25
Which treatment method is NOT recommended for corneal papillomas?
Cryosurgery
26
Topical application of 5-fluorouracil is used for:
Cutaneous warts
27
Which drug has shown potential in treating widespread papillomavirus-associated canine-pigmented plaques?
Etretinate
28
Protection against COPV has been achieved by: a) Antibiotic therapy b) DNA vaccination c) Antiviral medication d) Steroid administration
DNA vaccination
29
Name a specific breed that is overrepresented in cases of cutaneous papillomas
Kerry blue terrier or cocker spaniel
30
What is the term for the cup-shaped lesions with a central core of keratin seen in certain cutaneous papillomas?
Cutaneous inverted papillomas
31
What is the mechanism by which crushing a few papillomas can induce spontaneous regression?
Antigenic stimulation
32
What immunoglobulin deficiency is associated with severe oral papillomatosis in beagles?
IgA deficiency
33
What is the term for the abnormal increase in mitotic activity in response to COPV infection?
Acanthosis
34
What is the term for the hyperkeratotic and firm lesions that occur on the footpads of adult dogs?
Multiple papillomas of the footpad
35
What is the potential long term effect of papillomavirus associated canine pigmented plaques?
Malignant transformation
36
Which of the following is a characteristic of papillomavirus that distinguishes it from parvoviruses? a) Single-stranded RNA genome b) Larger size c) Lipid envelope d) Sensitivity to ether
Larger size
37
What condition is associated with remission of oral papillomatosis after treatment?
Granulocytic ehrlichiosis
38
Which of the following is believed to contribute to the potential for malignant transformation of papillomavirus-infected cells? a) High doses of antibiotics b) Exposure to irradiation or carcinogens c) Vitamin deficiencies d) Bacterial infections
Exposure to irradiation or carcinogens
39
Which layer of the squamous epithelium is primarily targeted by papillomavirus for infection?
Stratum germinativum
40
Which of the following is a characteristic of viral persistence in strands of keratin? a) Increased cell differentiation b) Cytoplasmic degeneration and cell death c) Decreased mitotic activity d) Enhanced immune response
Cytoplasmic degeneration and cell death
41
Which of the following explains why antibodies to papillomavirus do not correlate with growth or regression? a) Antibodies enhance viral replication b) The virus targets end-stage differentiating cells, protected from systemic immunity. c) Antibodies are produced in insufficient quantities. d) The virus induces antibody resistance
The virus targets end-stage differentiating cells, protected from systemic immunity.
42
Which of the following lesions is associated with a potential for malignant transformation? a) Oral papillomas b) Ocular papillomas c) Cutaneous inverted papillomas d) Papillomavirus-associated canine-pigmented plaques
Papillomavirus-associated canine-pigmented plaques
43
Which of the following is observed in the microscopic features of papillomas? a) Atrophy of the epidermis b) Marked epidermal hyperplasia on fibrovascular stalks c) Decreased keratinocyte activity d) Absence of intranuclear inclusions
Marked epidermal hyperplasia on fibrovascular stalks
44
Which of the following is a characteristic of ocular papillomas compared to oral papillomas? a) Shorter persistence b) More numerous lesions c) Longer incubation period d) Higher rate of spontaneous regression
Longer incubation period
45
Which of the following is a method used to achieve protection against COPV challenge? a) Antibiotic therapy b) DNA delivery of plasmid encoding L1 protein c) Antiviral medication d) Steroid administration
DNA delivery of plasmid encoding L1 protein
46
Give 2 potential adverse effect of 5-fluorouracil ingestion?
Local irritation and severe systemic toxicity
47
The remission of oral papillomatosis in dogs was noted after treatment for which concurrent condition?
Granulocytic ehrlichiosis
48
The life cycle of papillomavirus is closely associated with which type of cell?
Differentiating epithelial cell
49
Papillomavirus infections are typically confined to which tissue layers?
Epidermis and epithelium
50
Which specific cell type within the squamous epithelium does papillomavirus initially infect?
Basal keratinocytes
51
In which layers of the squamous epithelium does papillomavirus undergo genome replication?
Granular and spinous layers
52
How is the new infectious papillomavirus released?
With the keratinized squames
53
What is the initial tissue response to Canine Oral Papillomavirus (COPV) infection?
Acanthosis and hyperkeratosis
54
What cellular change occurs in infected cells as the papillomavirus disease progresses?
Formation of inclusion material without cytoplasmic differentiation
55
Severe oral papillomatosis in beagles have been observed to have this immunoglobulin deficiency
IgA
56
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with an increased risk of papillomatosis in dogs? a) Hypogammaglobulinemia b) IgM deficiency c) Hyperthyroidism d) Long-term cyclosporine administration
Hyperthyroidism
57
A Boxer dog receiving long-term glucocorticoid therapy develops multiple cutaneous papillomas. This finding is most likely related to:
Drug-induced immunosuppression
58
Where are oral papillomas most commonly found in dogs?
Oral, labial, and pharyngeal mucosa
59
What is the typical progression of oral papilloma lesions in young dogs?
From smooth, flat, and shiny to pedunculated or cauliflower-like masses
60
What is the usual course of oral papillomatosis in young dogs?
A self-limiting disease
61
Which type of papillomas are less common than oral papillomas in dogs?
Ocular papillomas
62
At what age are dogs most susceptible to developing oral papillomas? a) Older than 10 years b) Older than 2 years c) Younger than 1 year d) 5-7 years old.
Younger than 1 year
63
Which breeds have been reported to be overrepresented in cases of cutaneous papillomas?
Kerry blue terrier and cocker spaniel
64
What clinical sign is commonly observed by owners of dogs with oral papillomatosis? a) Alopecia b) Pruritus c) Halitosis and ptyalism d) Coughing
Halitosis and ptyalism
65
How long does regression of oral papillomas typically take?
4 to 8 weeks
66
How long may cutaneous papillomas persist before spontaneous regression?
6 to 12 months
67
Which type of papillomas are described as "cup-shaped lesions with a central core of keratin"?
Cutaneous inverted papillomas
68
What is a distinct characteristic of the lesions described as "multiple papillomas affecting the footpads"?
They are very firm and hyperkeratotic.
69
Which breed(s) have been specifically associated with papillomavirus-associated canine-pigmented plaques?
Miniature Schnauzers and Pugs
70
What is the potential long-term risk associated with papillomavirus-associated canine-pigmented plaques?
Malignant transformation
71
What is the typical number of tumors present at the time of diagnosis in severe cases of oral papillomatosis?
50-100 tumors
72
Which type of papilloma typically persists for the longest duration?
Ocular papillomas
73
Which body region is least likely to develop oral papillomas?
Esophagus
74
What is the best description of the lesions found on the footpads of dogs with Papillomas?
firm and hyperkeratotic
75
What is the primary basis for the diagnosis of oral papillomatosis?
Epidemiology and gross appearance of the tumors
76
What microscopic feature is characteristic of papillomas? a) Atrophy of the epidermis b) Marked epidermal hyperplasia on fibrovascular stalks c) Subcutaneous fat necrosis d) Dermal fibrosis
Marked epidermal hyperplasia on fibrovascular stalks
77
What type of inclusions may be noted in the keratinocytes of papillomas?
Intranuclear basophilic inclusions and large eosinophilic cytoplasmic
78
Where are cutaneous papillomas most commonly found?
The lower extremities, interdigital areas, and footpads
79
Enumerate 3 acceptable mode of oral tumor treatment for papillomatosis
Surgical excision Cryosurgery Electrosurgery
80
What is a potential benefit of recombinant vaccines in treating canine papillomatosis?
They induce regression and can be used prophylactically.
81
What type of immune response does systemic immunization with COPV L1 protein induce?
Humoral response
82
What is a potential adverse effect associated with live COPV vaccines in dogs?
Development of neoplasms at the injection site
83
Which treatment is NOT recommended for corneal papillomas?
Cryosurgery
84
How are interferons (IFNs) typically administered in pets for papillomatosis?
Low doses of oral IFNs
85
What is a potential alternative to IFN therapy for canine papillomatosis?
Acemannan
86
What is a promising future treatment option for canine papillomas? a) Photodynamic therapy b) Radiation therapy c) Hyperbaric oxygen therapy d) Acupuncture
Photodynamic therapy
87
What method has been used to achieve protection against COPV viral challenge in beagles?
DNA delivery of plasmids encoding COPV proteins
88
Which COPV protein(s) were encoded by the plasmids used for immunization in beagles?
Major capsid L1 protein or oncoproteins E1 or E2
89
Which gene sequences provided complete protection against COPV after DNA vaccination in beagles?
Codon-optimized E1 gene sequences

A4 Canine Medicine (13 decks)

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