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Infectious Canine Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

The etiologic agent of ICH:

A

Canine Adenovirus Type 1 (CAV-1)

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2
Q

These domesticated animals are not susceptible to CAV-1:

A

Ferrets

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3
Q

ICH has also been referred to as:

A

Rubarth’s disease

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4
Q

ICH most commonly occurs in dogs in what age?

A

less than 1 year of age

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5
Q

T/F. Vaccines that contain CAV-2 protect against infection with CAV-1, but not the other way around.

A

False. Vaccines that contain CAV-2 protect against infection with CAV-1 and vice versa.

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6
Q

CAV-1 is shed through:

A

saliva, feces, and urine

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7
Q

Mechanical vectors of CAV-1

A

Fleas and ticks

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8
Q

What are the organs affected by CAV-1 after entering the bloodstream and result to hemorrhage, necrosis, and inflammation?

A
  1. lungs
  2. kidneys
  3. liver
  4. spleen
  5. eyes
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9
Q

Incubation period of CAV-1

A

4 to 9 days

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10
Q

Disease syndrome with circulatory collapse, coma, and death after a brief illness that lasts less than 24 to 48 hours.

A

Peracute disease

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11
Q

Which disease syndrome is manifested by high morbidity and reported mortality rates of around 10% to 30%?

A

Acute ICH

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12
Q

The third disease syndrome which occurs in dogs with partial immunity, with death due to hepatic failure weeks or months after initial infection.

A

Chronic form

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13
Q

occurs in the first week of illness and results from replication of virus within corneal endothelial cells

A

Corneal edema (“blue eye”)

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14
Q

The antibody response appears _____ days after infection and limits tissue damage.

A

7 days

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15
Q

Viral persistence within the renal glomeruli, uveal structures of the eye, and the cornea can trigger immune complex formation in dogs that recover from acute illness and lead to?

A
  1. glomerulonephritis with proteinuria
  2. severe uveitis
  3. persistent corneal edema
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16
Q

Glomerulonephritis usually occurs about ________ weeks after the acute signs resolve.

A

1 to 2

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17
Q

Viral shedding in the urine can occur for up to _____ ______ after infection.

A

6 to 9 months

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18
Q

This complication is associated with massive influx of inflammatory cells into the anterior chamber

A

Anterior uveitis

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19
Q

This dog breed is reportedly susceptible to anterior uveitis.

A

Afghan hound

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20
Q

How will you diagnose ICH in dogs less than 1 year of age? Give some of your basis.

A
  1. Questionable vaccination history and signs of fever
  2. Respiratory, gastrointestinal, and hepatic disease
  3. Any young dog that develops corneal edema
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21
Q

CBC test abnormalities seen in dogs with CAV-1 infection:

A
  1. Leukopenia
  2. anemia
  3. increased nucleated red blood cells
  4. moderate to severe thrombocytopenia
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22
Q

Serum biochemical test of dogs with CAV-1 infections

A
  1. increased activity of serum ALT and ALP
  2. hyperbilirubinemia
  3. hypoglycemia
  4. hypoalbuminemia.
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23
Q

Maternal antibody persists until puppies are ______ of age and interferes with immunization

A

12 weeks

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24
Q

The best means of prevention of ICH:

A

Proper vaccination

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25
The antigenic relationship between CAV-1 and CAV-2 is clinically significant because:
Vaccines containing either CAV-1 or CAV-2 can provide cross-protection against both viruses.
26
Which of the following is NOT a recognized route of transmission for ICH? a) Direct dog-to-dog contact b) Contact with contaminated fomites c) Airborne transmission d) Mechanical vectors like fleas and ticks
Airborne transmission
27
The pathogenesis of ICH involves initial viral replication in the:
Tonsils
28
The characteristic intranuclear inclusion bodies seen in tissues during necropsy of ICH-infected dogs are composed of:
Crystalline arrays of virions
29
Which clinical syndrome of ICH is characterized by circulatory collapse, coma, and death within 24-48 hours?
Peracute disease
30
The "blue eye" associated with ICH is caused by viral replication in the:
Corneal endothelial cells
31
List the factors that can contribute to neurological signs observed in cases of infectious canine hepatitis (ICH).
1. CAV-1 encephalitis 2. Hepatic encephalopathy 3. Intracranial thrombosis or hemorrhage
32
Glomerulonephritis in ICH is thought to be caused by:
Immune complex formation
33
Which of the following is a common finding on physical examination of a dog with acute ICH? a) Bradycardia b) Hypothermia c) Severe tonsillar enlargement d) Absence of peripheral lymphadenopathy
Severe tonsillar enlargement
34
Which hematological abnormality is commonly observed in dogs with ICH? a) Leukocytosis with a neutrophilia b) Lymphocytosis c) Thrombocytopenia d) Eosinophilia
Thrombocytopenia
35
Serum biochemical changes in ICH often include: a) Decreased ALT and ALP activity b) Hyperalbuminemia c) Hypoglycemia d) Decreased bilirubin
Hypoglycemia
36
Which of the following is a common finding in the urinalysis of dogs with ICH?
Bilirubinuria
37
Gross pathological findings in ICH may include: a) Atrophied liver b) Enlarged, congested lymph nodes c) Pale kidneys d) Pulmonary edema
Enlarged, congested lymph nodes
38
The primary focus of supportive care for ICH is:
Fluid therapy
39
Which of fluids should be used cautiously in ICH patients due to increased vascular permeability?
Crystalloids
40
What medication might be indicated for a dog with ICH and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
Heparin
41
The use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials in ICH cases is primarily targeted at:
Preventing secondary bacterial infections
42
Why were early CAV-1 vaccines eventually replaced with CAV-2 vaccines?
CAV-1 vaccines caused unacceptable side effects like corneal edema.
43
Maternal antibodies against CAV-1 in puppies typically start to wane around:
12 weeks of age
44
The recommended vaccination schedule for puppies against ICH involves administering vaccines every:
3-4 weeks from 6 weeks of age
45
What is the latest age at which the final ICH vaccine should be given to ensure adequate protection in puppies?
16 weeks
46
Contact with which wild animal species can pose a risk of ICH infection for domestic dogs?
Coyotes, wolves, foxes
47
Which of the following is NOT a typical clinical sign of acute ICH? a) Icterus b) Cough c) Weight gain d) Petechial hemorrhages
Weight gain
48
Viral shedding in the urine of dogs infected with ICH can occur for up to:
1-2 months
49
Anterior uveitis associated with ICH is characterized by:
Massive influx of inflammatory cells into the anterior chamber
50
Persistent corneal edema in some ICH cases can lead to complications such as:
Glaucoma
51
Which breed of dog is reportedly more susceptible to persistent corneal edema after ICH infection?
Afghan Hound
52
What age of dogs are commonly infected with ICH?
<1 year of age
53
Name 2 potential mechanical vectors of ICH:
Fleas Ticks
54
Initial infection of CAV-1 occurs through which tissues?
nasopharyngeal, conjunctival, or oropharyngeal route
55
Where does CAV-1 replicates?
Nucleus of host cells
56
Once CAV-1 are released by cell lysis it leads to?
1. Tissue injury 2. Disseminated intravascular coagulation
57
Incubation period of CAV-1 whereby clinical signs generally appear after:
4-9 days
58
In ICH cases, this is characterized by circulatory collapse, coma, and death after a brief illness that lasts less than 24 to 48 hours.
Peracute ICH
59
What are the typical mortality rates associated with the acute form of ICH?
10-30% mortality rates
60
In cases of ICH, which week of the illness does corneal edema occurs as a result from replication of virus within corneal endothelial cells.
1st week
61
Identify the components found in deposits within glomerular lesions due to ICH:
viral antigen, IgG, IgM, and C3
62
When does glomerulonephritis occur in ICH infected dogs whose acute signs resolved?
1-2 weeks
63
How long can viral shedding in the urine occur after ICH infection?
6-9 months
64
Identify the potential manifestations of coagulopathies in ICH disease.
1. Cutaneous or mucosal petechial hemorrhages 2. Gingival hemorrhages 3. Epistaxis 4. Prolonged bleeding from venipuncture sites.
65
What are the key indicators for suspecting infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) in dogs under one year of age?
1. Questionable vaccination history 2. Fever 3. Respiratory, gastrointestinal, and hepatic disease 4. Development of corneal edema
66
Treatment of dogs with acute ICH is purely supportive and consists primarily of?
Fluid therapy Crystalloid fluids Blood products
67
Overhydration should be avoided during treatment of ICH due to:
Increased vascular permeability Hypoalbuminemia
68
2 conditions that resulted with ICH vaccines containing CAV-1
corneal edema and glomerulonephritis
69
Maternal antibody against CAV-1 persists until puppies are _____ of age
12 weeks

A4 Canine Medicine (13 decks)

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