CITB and Canine Parainfluenza Virus

Question 1

a highly contagious multifactorial disease commonly seen where dogs are in close contact with each other, e.g. boarding kennels or rescue centers

Answer 1

Canine infectious tracheobronchitis or kennel cough

Question 2

Give the common causative agent of CITB:

a) Bordetella bronchiseptica
b) Pseudomonas sp.
c) Escherichia coli
d) Klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer 2

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the cough associated with CITB?
a) Moist and productive
b) Harsh and dry
c) Honking and goose-like
d) Soft and hacking

Answer 3

Harsh and dry

Question 4

What is the typical incubation period for CITB?

Answer 4

5-7 days

Question 5

Why are mixed infections common in CITB?

Answer 5

The initial viral infection weakens the respiratory epithelium, making it susceptible to secondary bacterial infection.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a typical clinical sign of CITB?
a) Paroxysms of harsh, dry coughing
b) Fever and purulent nasal discharge (in uncomplicated cases)
c) Partial anorexia
d) Normal respiratory sounds (in early stages)

Answer 6

Fever and purulent nasal discharge (in uncomplicated cases)

Question 7

What is the primary target of the infectious agents that cause CITB?

Answer 7

upper airway epithelium

Question 8

What will be a common finding in the airways of dogs with chronic bronchitis?

Answer 8

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of tracheobronchial mucous glands

Question 9

When should antimicrobial therapy be considered for CITB?

Answer 9

Only when indicated by culture and sensitivity testing

Question 10

Which of the following is generally contraindicated in CITB patients with pneumonia?
a) Antibiotics
b) Antitussives
c) Bronchodilators
d) Mucolytics

Answer 10

Antitussives

Question 11

What is the role of Bordetella bronchiseptica in CITB?

Answer 11

It can act as a primary pathogen, especially in young dogs.

Question 12

How is CITB typically diagnosed?

Answer 12

From the history, clinical signs, and elimination of other causes of coughing

Question 13

What is the significance of stress in relation to CITB?

Answer 13

It can increase susceptibility to and severity of the disease.

Question 14

What is the purpose of coughing in CITB?

Answer 14

To remove accumulations of mucus and exudate from the respiratory passages.

Question 15

Which family of viruses does Canine Parainfluenza Virus (CPIV) belong to?

Answer 15

Paramyxoviridae

Question 16

How is CPIV typically transmitted?

Answer 16

Primarily through aerosol transmission and fomites

Question 17

Which of the following is a common clinical sign of CPIV?
a) Diarrhea
b) Persistent cough
c) Vomiting
d) Seizures

Answer 17

Persistent cough

Question 18

What is the incubation period for CPIV?

Answer 18

3-10 days

Question 19

Which of the following is a risk factor for CPIV infection?
a) Regular grooming
b) Vaccination against CPIV
c) Boarding at a kennel
d) Living in a single-dog household

Answer 19

Boarding at a kennel

Question 20

How is CPIV typically diagnosed?

Answer 20

Based on clinical signs, history, and sometimes PCR testing

Question 21

What is the role of vaccination in CPIV prevention?

Answer 21

It is a non-core vaccine, advised for at-risk animals

Question 22

Where does CPIV replicate in the dog’s body?

Answer 22

In the nasal mucosa, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi

Question 23

How long can CPIV be shed from infected animals?

Answer 23

Up to 2 weeks

Question 24

What is the significance of asymptomatic CPIV infection?

Answer 24

It can still lead to viral shedding and transmission.

Question 25

Which of the following describes the lesions caused by CPIV? a) Severe and necrotizing b) Moderate with petechial hemorrhages in the lungs c) Primarily affecting the heart muscle d) Limited to the nasal cavity

Answer 25

Moderate with petechial hemorrhages in the lungs

Question 26

What is the typical duration of viral shedding after CPIV infection?

Answer 26

6-8 days

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a typical clinical sign of CPIV? a) Sneezing b) Eye inflammation c) Loss of appetite d) Vomiting and diarrhea

Answer 27

Vomiting and diarrhea

Question 28

Why are dogs in shelters and kennels at higher risk for CPIV? a) They are more likely to be immunocompromised. b) The close confinement facilitates rapid spread of the virus. c) They are less likely to be vaccinated. d) All of the above.

Answer 28

All of the above.

Question 29

The disease Canine Parainfluenza is also known as?

Answer 29

1. canine influenza virus 2. greyhound disease 3. race flu

Question 30

A highly contagious multifactorial disease characterized by acute or chronic inflammation of the trachea and bronchial airways:

Answer 30

Canine infectious tracheobronchitis / Kennel cough

Question 31

CITB is mild, self-limiting disease but may progress to this condition in puppies:

Answer 31

fatal bronchopneumonia

Question 32

CITB is mild, self-limiting disease but may progress to this condition in debilitated adult or aged dogs:

Answer 32

Chronic bronchitis

Question 33

In dogs less than six months old, what organism may act as a primary pathogen for CITB?

Answer 33

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Question 34

Enumerate 3 gram negative organisms that may cause secondary infections after viral injury to the respiratory tract.

Answer 34

Pseudomonas sp Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 35

Incubation period of Bordetella bronchiseptica

Answer 35

5 to 7 days (range of 3–10 days)

Question 36

The primary target of CITB agents:

Answer 36

upper airway epithelium

Question 37

The results of CITB agents infection:

Answer 37

Epithelial injury Acute inflammation Dysfunction of the airway cilia

Question 38

The prominent clinical sign of CITB

Answer 38

paroxysms of harsh, dry coughing followed by retching and gagging

Question 39

In case of CITB, the acute or subacute inflammatory stages, the air passages are filled with?

Answer 39

frothy, serous, or mucopurulent exudate

Question 40

CITB should be suspected whenever the characteristic cough suddenly develops how many days after exposure to other susceptible or affected dogs.

Answer 40

5–10 days

Question 41

CITB signs severity usually diminishes during the first ___ days?

Answer 41

5

Question 42

For diagnosis of CITB, what is an additional diagnostic aid that may demonstrate causative agents or significant cellular responses?

Answer 42

Bronchial washing

Question 43

Antibiotics for CITB are usually not needed unless there is evidence of?

Answer 43

Pneumonia

Question 44

For antibiotic treatment of CITB, what medication need a schirmer test first?

Answer 44

trimethoprim-sulfa

Question 45

Drugs contraindicated to CITB infected patients with pneumonia:

Answer 45

Antitusives

Question 46

CITB infected patients with persistent cough can be given with these medications

Answer 46

Hydrocodone Butorphanol

Question 47

What is the recommended minimum age for puppies to receive an intranasal vaccination containing a combination of avirulent Bordetella bronchiseptica and modified-live parainfluenza virus?

Answer 47

>3 weeks old

Question 48

a highly contagious that cause respiratory disease and is one of the most common pathogens of kennel cough

Answer 48

Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV)

Question 49

Other names for CPIV:

Answer 49

Canine influenza virus Greyhound disease Race flu

Question 50

Pathogens associated with Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex with commercially available vaccines

Answer 50

CAV-1 Distemper virus Parainfluenza virus Influenza A virus Bordetella bronchiseptica

Question 51

CPIV is excreted from the respiratory tract of infected animals for up to how many weeks after infection?

Answer 51

2 weeks

Question 52

The incubation period for CPIV is ____ days after infection

Answer 52

3 to 10

Question 53

Viral shedding of CPIV occurs how many days after infection

Answer 53

6 to 8 days

Question 54

IS CPIV vaccination core vaccine or noncore?

Answer 54

Non-core vaccine

Question 55

Schedule for CPIV vaccination:

Answer 55

puppies 6 and 8 weeks of age

Question 56

Parenteral vaccine for CPIV should be given every (1)_____ weeks until puppy is (2)___ weeks old?

Answer 56

1. 2-4 weeks 2. 16 weeks old