Pseudomonas, Burkholderia (Ex2) Flashcards
Pseudomonas general features
- Gram negative
- rods
- motile (flagella)
- obligate aerobic
- mainly in water
- most saprophytic (dead/decaying matter)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa general features
- facultative symbiotic
- facultative pathogenic (seconday infection)
- lives in soil, water, and on plants
- easy grower, large colonies
- sweet odor, blue-green pigment
- oxidase positive, lactose negative
Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors
- adhesion (fimbrial and non)
- LPS
- Exotoxins
- Biofilm
- Caspule
- Iron acquisition
Pseudomonas aeruginosa treatment
- remove cause of infection
- antibiotics
- phage therapy
- most animals die
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cats and dogs
- skin infections: pyoderma
- cystitis
- otitis externa
- purulent processes
- eye infections
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in hamsters, guinea pigs, chinchillas, and minks
- pneumonia
- septicemia
- high mortality
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in rabbits
- skin infections (moist dermatitis)
- pneumonia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in horses
- metritis-vaginitis
- keratitis conjunctivitis
- both secondary infections following antimicrobial treatments
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mastitis
- bovines, sheet, goats
- acute with high mortality
- origin from environment, teat injector, or teat cleaning towel
- persistence in udder even after treatment
- antibiotic resistance
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in reptiles
- necrotic stomatitis
- pneumonia
- septicemia
- secondary to poor housing
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in Psittaciformes
- secondary infection
- symptoms vary: conjunctivits, rhinitis, pneumonia, airsacculitis, enteritis
- origin from drinking water
Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Galliformes
- origin from drinking water
- in oviduct of turkeys
- contamination of eggs
- neonatal mortality
Burkholderia general features
- gram negative
- aerobic
- rods
- catalase positive
- environmental
Burkholderia mallei general features
- Glanders
- BSL3 agent, zoonotic
- primarily equine pathogen
- must be declared when diagnosed
B. mallei symptoms
- nodules and ulcers in the respiratory tract or on the skin
- orchitis
- Acute: fever, nasal discharge, lymphadenitis, freq fatal
- Chronic: fever and respiratory problems, skin abscesses
B. mallei virulence factors
- capsule
- LPS
B. mallei transmission
- ingestion: feed, water
- inhalation
- wounds
- spread via lymphatics and blood
B. mallei diagnosis
- isolation and identification
- serology: cross reactions (false pos), CFT, ELISA, HAI
- Intradermo test (mallein test)
B. mallei prevention and treatment
prevent: no vaccination, screening and culling, bedding and feed disinfected, avoid contact with endemic areas
Treat: outbreak should be reported, cull positive animals
B. psuedomallei general features
- Melioidosis: pyogranulatomous infections, reportable
- saprophyte
- in water rich environments
- endosymbiont of environmental amoeba
- wide host range
B. pseudomallei transmission
- ingestion
- wound infection
- airborne
- arthropod bites
B. pseudomallei virulence factors
- adhesions (flagella)
- capsule
- T3SS and T4SS
B. pseudomallei infection in dogs
- febrile diseases with localizing suppurative foci
- important in military dogs in Vietnam
B. pseudomallei infections in horses
mimics Glanders: pseudoglanders
