Antimicrobials Flashcards
Beta Lactams
Mechanism of action
- Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
- stimulate autolysins which degrade peptidoglycan
- bactericidal
Beta Lactams
Members
Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Sublactams Carbapenems
Monobactams
Adverse effect of Beta Lactams
type 1 hypersensitivity
Beta Lactams
Resistance Mechanisms
- beta lactamase production
- alteration in penicillin binding proteins
Beta Lactams
Synergism
- use with aminoglycosides
- do not mix aminoglycosides with penicillin
Beta Lactams
Antagonists
- tetracyclines
Tetracyclines
Mechanism of action
- inhibit protein synthesis
- bacteriostatic
Tetracyclines
Resistance Mechanisms
- ribosomal protection
- energy dependent efflux
- chemical modification and catalysis by enzymes
Tetracyclines
Notable facts
- cross placental barrier
- secreted in milk
- antiimflammatory
Tetracyclines
Adverse effects
- irritant
- cardiovascular effects (IV in horses)
- tooth discoloration
- alteration of intestinal flora
- nephrotoxicity
Aminoglycosides
Members
Gentamicin
Amikacin
Streptomycin
Neomycin
Aminoglycosides
Mechanism of action
- inhibit protein synthesis
- bactericidal
Aminoglycosides
Notable facts
- need parenteral administration
- not good for anaerobe infection
- does not penetrate blood brain barrier
- nephrotoxicity
- vestibular/ cochlear damage
Fluoroquinolones
Mechanism of action
- inhibit DNA gyrase, replication
- bactericidal
Fluoroquinolones
Notable facts
- synthetic
- oral absorption
- not effective against anerobes
- synergism with beta lactams
Fluoroquinolones
Members
Enrofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Fluoroquinolones
Resistance Mechanisms
- modification or protection of target
- decreased permeability
- efflux pump
Fluoroquinolones
Adverse effects
- articular cartilage degeneration in dogs
- retinal degeneration in cats
- tendon rupture in humans
- canine toxic shock
Macrolides
Members
Erthromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Macrolides
Mechanism of action
- inhibit protein synthesis
- bacteriostatic
Sulfa drugs
Facts
- oral absorption
- broad spectrum
- allergic reactions in dogs
- resistance by impaired drug penetration
