Antimicrobials Flashcards
1
Q
Beta Lactams
Mechanism of action
A
- Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
- stimulate autolysins which degrade peptidoglycan
- bactericidal
2
Q
Beta Lactams
Members
A
Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Sublactams Carbapenems
Monobactams
3
Q
Adverse effect of Beta Lactams
A
type 1 hypersensitivity
4
Q
Beta Lactams
Resistance Mechanisms
A
- beta lactamase production
- alteration in penicillin binding proteins
5
Q
Beta Lactams
Synergism
A
- use with aminoglycosides
- do not mix aminoglycosides with penicillin
6
Q
Beta Lactams
Antagonists
A
- tetracyclines
7
Q
Tetracyclines
Mechanism of action
A
- inhibit protein synthesis
- bacteriostatic
8
Q
Tetracyclines
Resistance Mechanisms
A
- ribosomal protection
- energy dependent efflux
- chemical modification and catalysis by enzymes
9
Q
Tetracyclines
Notable facts
A
- cross placental barrier
- secreted in milk
- antiimflammatory
10
Q
Tetracyclines
Adverse effects
A
- irritant
- cardiovascular effects (IV in horses)
- tooth discoloration
- alteration of intestinal flora
- nephrotoxicity
11
Q
Aminoglycosides
Members
A
Gentamicin
Amikacin
Streptomycin
Neomycin
12
Q
Aminoglycosides
Mechanism of action
A
- inhibit protein synthesis
- bactericidal
13
Q
Aminoglycosides
Notable facts
A
- need parenteral administration
- not good for anaerobe infection
- does not penetrate blood brain barrier
- nephrotoxicity
- vestibular/ cochlear damage
14
Q
Fluoroquinolones
Mechanism of action
A
- inhibit DNA gyrase, replication
- bactericidal
15
Q
Fluoroquinolones
Notable facts
A
- synthetic
- oral absorption
- not effective against anerobes
- synergism with beta lactams
