Francisella, Taylorella, Brucella, Bordetella (Ex2) Flashcards
Francisella general features
- gram negative
- pleomorphic, small
- non-motile
- obligate aerobic
- facultative intracellular
- fastidious growth
Francisella tularensis general features
- reportable
- highly contagious
- wide range of hosts
- reservoir: lagomorphs, rodents, amoeba
F. tularensis transmission
- ticks, mosquitoes, flies
- contaminated water
- ingestion of infected prey
F. tularensis virulence factors
- capsule (anti-complement)
- endotoxin (LPS)
- factor that promote intracellular survival in phagocytes
F. tularensis symptoms in humans
depending on mode of transmission
- ulceroglandular: ulcerated cutaneous lesion with lymphadenopathy
- glandular: lymphadenopathy
- oculoglandular: conjunctivitis
- oro-pharyngeal: pharyngitis and/or gastroenteritis
- Typhoid: systemic disease
F. tularensis diagnosis
- culture
- serology: agglutination, ELISA
- PCR
F. tularensis treatment and control
- antimicrobials
- elimination from contaminated waters
- tick control
Taylorella equigenitalis general features
- gram negative
- non-motile
- coccobacillus
- facultative anaerobic
- obligate symbiotic
- obligate pathogenic
Contagious Equine Metritis
- T. equigenitalis in mares
- acute suppurative
- temporary sterility
- highly contagious
- become asymptomatic carriers
Diagnosis of T. equigenitalis
- sampling: preputium, urethra, fossa glandis, sinus urethralis (stallion), fossa clitoridis and sinus clitoridis (mares)
- culture (specific selective agar)
- PCR, biochemical testing
T. equigenitalis treatment and prevention
- antibiotics
- elimination of positive animals from breeding
- vaccination (bacterins)
Brucella general features
- gram negative
- non-motile
- coccobacilli
- obligate symbiotic, resistant
- obligate pathogen
- facultative intracellular
- reportable
Brucella abortus pathogenesis
- infection entry: mucosa, oral, wounds
- spreads to regional lymphatics intracellularly
- targets reproductive organs, tendon sheath, synovial bursa
Brucella abortus in uterus+fetus and udder
Uterus+Fetus: placentoma and mulitplication, excretion and spread, abortion, premature death, carrier calf born
Udder: subclinical mastitis, excretions and spread
Brucella abortus symptoms
- intermittent fever
- weakness, malaise, headache, joint and muscle pain, enlarge lymph nodes, enlarge liver and spleen, and osteomyelitis
Brucella abortus virulence factors
- no capsule
- no flagella
- cell wall: smooth colonies with increase virulence, rough colonies with lower virulence, thicker peptidoglycan layer, erythritol
Brucella abortus diagnosis
- slow agglutination test
- Rose Bengal test (slide agglutination)
- CFT, ELISA
- skin test
- bacteriology
Brucella suis general features
- small, non-motile, coccobacilli
- gram negative
- obligate symbiotic
- obligate pathogenic
- resistant in environment
- reportable disease
Brucella suis biovars
1 and 2: reservoir in hares, 1 of 3 most pathogenic for pigs
3: in pigs, 1 of 3 most pathogenic for pigs
4: mainly in reindeer, caribou, less pathogenic for pigs
5: brucellosis in mice
Brucella suis symptoms
- repro: abortion, orchitis, infertility
- arthritis, tendovaginitis, bursitis, osteomyelitis
- acute: intermittent fever, sweating, chills, malaise, weakness, joint pain
- chronic: localization, necrosis and pus
Brucella suis pathogenesis
- entry via skin and mucosa
- multiplication in regional lymph nodes
- bacteremia after 1-7 weeks
- localization with abscess formation
Brucella canis general features
- need rich media for growth
- no O antigens
- obligate parasitic
- obligate pathogenic
- resistant in environment in organic material
- zoonotic
Brucella canis symptoms
- long bacteremia, no fever
- lymphadenitis
- late abortion
- vaginal discharge
- epididymitis
- scrotum dermatitis
- atrophia testicularis
- prostatitis
- STD
Bordetella general features
- gram negative
- small coccobacillus
- slow growth
- obligate symbiotic
- facultative pathogenic
Bordetella bronchiseptica general features
- aerobic
- in upper respiratory tract
- mainly pathogenic in dogs, pigs, rabbits, and guinea pigs, less in cats and horses, seldom in ruminants
Bordetella bronchiseptica virulence factors
- adhesions: filamentous hemagglutination, pertactin, fimbriae
- biofilms
- toxins: hemolysin, dermonecrotic, osteo, tracheal, LPS, siderophore, TBP, lactoferrin
- Bvg regulation
Decribe the toxins in Bordetella bronchiseptica
- Hemolysin: inhibition of neutrophil function, pore forming
- Dermonecrotic toxin: skin necrosis, damages nasal tissue and osteoblasts
- Osteo toxin: toxic for osteoblasts
- Tracheal cytotoxin: destruction of ciliated respiratory epithelium
Non-progressive Atrophic Rhinitis
- Bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs
- damage of nasal mucosa
- production of mucus
- dermonecrotic toxin increase
Pneumonic bordetellosis
- Bordetella in pigs
- primary infection: 1 week
- coughing and dyspnea, no fever, high morbidity
- lesions in lungs: pneumonia, purulent bronchiolitis and alveolitis
Progressive Atrophic Rhinitis
- infection with Pasteurella multocida after Bordetella
- colonization of nose
- osteoclast activation
- sniffling, sneezing, tears, blood
- anatomical deviation of the nose
- TP: difficult, hygiene, antibacterial, vaccination
- D: cultivation, blood agar plates, serology, PCR
Canine Infectious Tracheobronchilitis
- Bordetella: Kennel Cough
- adhesion to cilitated epithelium: multiplication, damage, NH3 production, inflammation, secondary infections
- S: dry cough, nose, eye, general symptoms
- D: isolation, BAL
- T: self limiting disease, rest, hygiene, antibiotics
- vaccination
Bordetella avium
- turkeys: Coryza
- rhinotracheitis, respiratory problems
- transfer via floor bedding, drinking water
- S: high morbidity, low mortality, decreased growth, nose discharge, sneezing, head shaking
- T: hygiene, vaccination, antibiotics have little effect
Bordetella in Rabbits
- nearly all are carriers
- S: nasal discharge, sneezing, congestion, conjunctivitis, tears
- ear infections, blindness, abscesses
