Bacteria Flashcards
Staphylococcus spp.
- morphology
- habitat
- general effects
- large, aerobic, catalase positive, Gram-positive cocci
- seen in clusters
- commensals of skin and exposed mucosa
- pus formation, abscess formation, and local necrosis
Staphylococcus aureus
- infections caused
- pus and local necrosis
- skin and wound infections
- mastitis in cattle
- speticemia, osteomyelitis, breast blisters, and “bumble foot” in poultry
- toxic shock
- foodborne, nosocomial
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
- host
- effect
- opportunistic pathogen of dogs
- most common isolate of dogs
- canine pyoderma
Staphylococcus hyicus
- what does it cause
- greasy pig disease
Streptococcus spp.
- morphology
- habitat
- aerobic, Gram positive, catalase negative cocci
- seen in chains
- commensals of mucous membranes
Streptococcus equi
- disease caused
- effects
- strangles in horses
- abscess in regional lymph nodes
- upper respiratory tract infection
Streptococcus agalactiae
- disease caused
- habitat
- mastitis in cows
- obligate parasite of mammary glands of cows
Streptococcus equi
subspecies zooepidemicus
- what does it cause?
- the opportunist pathogen of horses and other species
- purulent infection in horses
- foal septicemia
Streptococcus pyogenes
- disease caused
- Scarlet fever in humans
Streptococcus canis
- host
- transmission
- kittens and puppies
- infection from vagina or umbilical vein
Streptococcus porcinus
- what does it cause?
jowl abscess in pigs
Streptococcus iniae
- what does it cause?
- acute fulminating septicemia in fish
Streptococcus pneumonia
- what does it cause?
- pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis in humans
- pneumonia in guinea pigs and rodents
Enterococci spp.
- habitat
- features
- normal intestinal flora
- low grade pathogens, true opportunists
- nosocomial
- vancomycin resistance
Listeria spp.
- morphology
- transmission
- small, Gram positive, aerobic coccobacilli (rods)
- grow at wide range of temps
- shed in feces and milk
Listeria monocytogenes
- transmission
- what does it cause?
- winter/spring disease of ruminants
- outbreaks after feeding poor quality silage
- ingestion or inhalation
- localize in brain stem, intestinal wall, and placenta
- encephalitis in ruminants, circling disease
- septicemia in monogastrics
Erysipelothrix spp.
- morphology
- habitat
- aerobic, small, Gram positive rods
- in tonsils and intestines
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
- hosts
- what does it cause?
- most common in pigs and birds
- diamond skin disease
- septicemia and skin lesions
Bacillus spp.
- morphology
- large, aerobic, Gram positive rods
- endospore forming
Bacillus anthracis
- histo appearance
- toxin
- diagnosis
- disease caused
- capsule that stains pink, made of polymers of D glutamic acid
- anthrax toxin with 3 proteins: edema factor, lethal factor, protective antigen
- do not conduct necropsy
- woolsorters in humans
Cornyebacterium spp.
- morphology
- Gram positive, aerobic, pleomorphic rods
- contain mycolic acid in cell wall
Cornyebacterium diphtheria
- what does it cause?
- cause of human childhood disease
- diphtheria toxin carried in bacteriophage
Cornyebacterium pseudotuberculosis
- what does it cause?
- signs
- caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goats
- lung and local lymph nodes
- weight loss
- Pigeon fever in horses
Cornyebacterium renale
- what does it cause?
- contagious bovine pyelonephritis
- disease of adult cows
- trauma to bladder and urethra during parturition
Cornyebacterium kutscheri
- what does it cause?
- signs
- pseudotuberculosis
- suppurative pneumonia in lungs
- arthritic lesions of pedal extremities
- lymphoid hyperplasia
Cornyebacterium bovis
- what does it cause?
Dermatitis, hyperkeratosis in mice
Rhodococcus equi
- morphology
- main cause of what?
- mycolic acid in cell wall
- main cause of foal pneumonia
Nocarida spp.
- morphology
- habitat
- Pleomorphic, Gram positive, non motile, aerobic, non-spore forming
- in soil and water
- not usually pathogenic for immunocompetent individuals
Nocarida asteroides
- hosts
- most common isolate in dogs and cats
Actinomyces spp.
- morphology
- habitat
- what does it cause?
- branching filaments
- slow growth, molar tooth like
- mouth flora
- chronic infections with mouth and bite injury
Actinomyces bovis
- what does it cause?
- signs
- lumpy jaw
- bone infections, facial distortion, loose teeth
Actinobaculum suis
- habitat
- transmission
- what does it cause?
- anaerobic
- commensal of prepuce of boars
- sexually transmitted
- death from renal failure
Dermatophilus congolensis
- morphology
- histo appearance
- pathogenesis
- aerobic, Gram positive
- filamentous, branching
- tram-track appearance
- motile zoospores attracted to damaged skin
Trueperella pyogenes
- morphology
- host
- what does it cause?
- pleomorphic, aerobic
- opportunistic pathogen of cattle
- suppurative infections in cattle and swine
- causes bacteremia
Clostridium spp.
- habitat
- features
- in environment and large bowel
- powerful toxin producer
- rapid multiplication
Which Clostridium spp are neurotoxic?
C. botulinum
C. tetani
C. perfringens
Which Clostridium spp are histotoxic?
C. chauvaei
C. septicum
C. novyi
C. perfringens
Which Clostridium spp are enterotoxic?
C. perfringens
C. difficile
Clostridium tetani
- habitat
- what does it cause?
- in soil and feces
- grows in contaminated wounds
- spastic paralysis
- horse most susceptible
Clostridium botulinum
- pathogenesis
- what does it cause?
- food intoxication
- toxin absorbed into blood
- inhibits neurotransmitter release
- causes flaccid paralysis
Clostridium chauvaei
- what does it cause?
- agent of black leg
- necrotizing myositis in healthy young calves
Clostridium novyi
- 3 types, exo or endo, what they cause
Type A: exo, big head in rams, gasa gangrene
Type B: endo, black disease
Type C: endo, liver damage and bacillary hemoglobinuria
Clostridum septicum
- what does it cause?
- malignant edema
- through wounds or dormant spores in muscle
- Braxy in sheep
Clostridium perfringens
- what does it cause?
- two types and what they cause
- alpha toxin causes necrotizing hemorrhagic enteritis and enterotoxemia
- Type C causes necrotizing enteritis in piglets
- Type D causes enterotoxemia, pulpy kidney disease, overeating disease
Clostridium difficile
- target organs
- what does it cause?
- affects colon and cecum
- neonates are resistant
- disease results from disruption of normal flora (dysbiosis)
- fatal colitis
Clostridium spiroforme
- what does it cause?
- commensal bacteria which produces iota toxin
- enterotoxemia and diarrhea in rabbits
Clostridium piliforme
- what does it cause?
- staining
- Tyzzer’s disease in lab animals
- fatal diarrheal disease with focal lover necrosis
- gram negative
Fusobacterium necrophorum
- morphology
- hosts
- what does it cause?
- anaerobic gram negative, non spore forming
- important in ruminants and swine
- liver abscess and foot rot
