Entero: Salmonella, Yersinia, Klebsiella, Proteus (Ex2) Flashcards

1
Q

Intestinal Phase of Salmonella

A
  • non host adapted, gene SPI1
  • colonization of ileum and LI
  • T3SS, effector proteins into enterocytes
  • uptake of Salmonella into enterocytes
  • cell lysis
  • diarrhea, intestinal damage
  • general symptoms
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2
Q

Systemic Phase of Salmonella

A
  • host specific and adapted/restricted, gene SPI2
  • intracellular and systemic
  • endotoxin and tissue localization
  • general symptoms
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3
Q

Salmonella typhimurium in bovines

symptoms

A
  • diarrhea and general symptoms

- tissue localization: abortion and udder

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4
Q

Salmonella dublin in bovines

symptoms in calves and adults

A
  • calf: diarrhea, general symptoms, tissue localization

- adult: diarrhea, general symptoms, organ dependent symptoms (abortion, mastitis)

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5
Q

Treatment of Salmonella in bovines

A
  • isolation of sick animals
  • fluid therapy
  • antimicrobials
  • NSAIDs
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6
Q

Salmonella in Pigs

symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention

A
  • S. choleraesuis: typhoid
  • diarrhea and general symptoms, hyperacute (death), acute (cyanosis) chronic (less growth, non-specific)
  • diagnosis: culture, ELISA
  • treat: antimicrobials, general support
  • prevention: management (AI-AO), organic acids, feed composition, vaccination
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7
Q

Salmonella abortus in Horses

A
  • rare, pathogenesis depends on uptake
  • treatment: antimicrobials
  • diagnosis: bacteriology
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8
Q

Salmonella pullorum

host, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, other

A
  • chick, turkey, pheasant, younger animals
  • typhoid
  • high mortality: sepsis, general symptoms, granulomatous lesions, oophoritis
  • carriers if survival
  • diagnosis: culture, slide agglutination
  • treat: antibiotics but no elimination
  • reportable
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9
Q

Salmonella gallinarum

A
  • turkey, chickens, ducks, etc., older animals
  • typhoid
  • reportable
  • hyperacute mortality, hemolytic anemia, general symptoms
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10
Q

Salmonella enteriditis

A
  • poultry, zoonotic
  • paratyphoid
  • consumption of undercook/raw egg
  • decreased due to vaccination
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11
Q

Klebsiella general features

habitat, hosts, type

A
  • in water, oil, GI tract, environment
  • coliform
  • nosocomial infections humans
  • opportunistic pathogen
  • primates, horses
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12
Q

What does Klebsiella cause in horses, dogs, and cattle?

A

dogs: pyometra, cystitis
horses: umbilical infections, metritis
cattle: mastitis

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13
Q

Diseases caused by Yersinis pestis in humans/cats

A
  • bubonic plague: local lymphadenitis
  • pneumonic plague: pneumonia
  • septicemic plague: septicemia
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14
Q

What are the virulence factors of Yersinis pestis?

A
  • capsule
  • toxins
  • iron acquisition
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15
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Yersinis pestis

A
  • fleas feed from infected host
  • bacteria block flea proventriculus, so it seeks more animals to feed from
  • bacteria contaminate feeding site
  • survive in macrophages and cause apoptosis
  • secrete proteins
  • extracellular survival
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16
Q

Yersinis pestis in cats

symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

A
  • fever, depression, coughing, CNS, lymphadenitis, tonsilitis, cranial and cervical edema, pneumonia
  • D: culture, PCR, serology
  • T: antibiotics
17
Q

Yersinis pseudotuberculosis general features

A
  • obligate symbiotic
  • pathogenic in birds and rodents
  • zoonotic
  • facultative intracellular
18
Q

Yersinis pseudotuberculosis virulence factors

A
  • cell wall endotoxin
  • adhesions to M cells in Peyers patches
  • toxins on plasmids
  • iron uptake
19
Q

Pathogenesis of Yersinis pseudotuberculosis in humans and in birds/rodents

A

both: oral uptake, lymphoid tissue in intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes
human: colic
birds/rodents: sepsis and XXX in blood

20
Q

What are the symptoms of Yersinis enterolitica in domestic animals and in humans?

A

animals: ileitis, gastro-enteritis
humans: colic, diarrhea

21
Q

Proteus general features

A
  • swarming bacteria
  • post mortem XXX
  • facultative symbiont
  • facultative pathogen
  • otitis and cystitis in dogs
22
Q

Salmonella general features

A
  • obligate symbiont
  • most are non-host specific serotypes, others are host specific or host adapted/restricted
  • resistant in environment
  • non-host specific serotypes are zoonotic
  • antimicrobial resistance
23
Q

Which Salmonella species in pigs are zoonotic?

A

S. typhimurium

S. derby

24
Q

Symptoms of Non-host specific Salmonella in horses

Mild, Acute, Hyperacute, Chronic

A
  • Mild: general symptoms (fever, anorexia, depression), slight diarrhea
  • Acute: fever, anorexia, colic, diarrhea, severe symptoms with cyanosis, shock, laminitis, slow recovery, possible replapses
  • Hyperacute: foals, severe general symptoms, diarrhea, endotoxic shock and death
  • Chronic: intermittent diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss, fever
25
Q

Therapy for Non-host specific Salmonella in horses

A
  • hydration: IV
  • NSAID for shock
  • antimicrobials
26
Q

Salmonella in Dogs and Cats

symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

A
  • enteritis and septicemia
  • Diagnosis: culture, ELISA, PCR
  • Treatment: hydration, antibiotics
27
Q

Salmonella in Pigeons

A
  • Paratyphus, S. typhimurium va Copenhagen
  • carriers cause of spread
  • systemic disease with diarrhea
  • acute: during breeding
  • chronic: on wing hanging down
  • Symptoms: anorexia, diarrhea, limping, unable to fly, apathic, breeding difficulties, PU-PD, mortality
  • Diagnosis: culture, slide agglutination
  • Treat: antimicrobials, immune therapy, hygiene
28
Q

Salmonella in Psittaciformes and Passerformes

A
  • Psit: very rare
  • Pass: (in birdhouses) stress, overcrowding, cold and humid, inappropriate feeding
  • Symptoms: apathic, feed and water intake decreases, diarrhea
29
Q

Yersinis pseudotuberuculosis in Passeriformes

A
  • “fat liver disease” “rodentiosis”
  • apathy, decreased water/feed intake, diarrhea, chronic: weight loss and respiratory distress
  • lesions: large spleen with foci of necrosis, enlarged liver with foci of necrosis, foci of necrosis on ceca and lungs
  • D: culture
  • treat: antimicrobials, culling, hygiene