Entero: Salmonella, Yersinia, Klebsiella, Proteus (Ex2) Flashcards
Intestinal Phase of Salmonella
- non host adapted, gene SPI1
- colonization of ileum and LI
- T3SS, effector proteins into enterocytes
- uptake of Salmonella into enterocytes
- cell lysis
- diarrhea, intestinal damage
- general symptoms
Systemic Phase of Salmonella
- host specific and adapted/restricted, gene SPI2
- intracellular and systemic
- endotoxin and tissue localization
- general symptoms
Salmonella typhimurium in bovines
symptoms
- diarrhea and general symptoms
- tissue localization: abortion and udder
Salmonella dublin in bovines
symptoms in calves and adults
- calf: diarrhea, general symptoms, tissue localization
- adult: diarrhea, general symptoms, organ dependent symptoms (abortion, mastitis)
Treatment of Salmonella in bovines
- isolation of sick animals
- fluid therapy
- antimicrobials
- NSAIDs
Salmonella in Pigs
symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention
- S. choleraesuis: typhoid
- diarrhea and general symptoms, hyperacute (death), acute (cyanosis) chronic (less growth, non-specific)
- diagnosis: culture, ELISA
- treat: antimicrobials, general support
- prevention: management (AI-AO), organic acids, feed composition, vaccination
Salmonella abortus in Horses
- rare, pathogenesis depends on uptake
- treatment: antimicrobials
- diagnosis: bacteriology
Salmonella pullorum
host, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, other
- chick, turkey, pheasant, younger animals
- typhoid
- high mortality: sepsis, general symptoms, granulomatous lesions, oophoritis
- carriers if survival
- diagnosis: culture, slide agglutination
- treat: antibiotics but no elimination
- reportable
Salmonella gallinarum
- turkey, chickens, ducks, etc., older animals
- typhoid
- reportable
- hyperacute mortality, hemolytic anemia, general symptoms
Salmonella enteriditis
- poultry, zoonotic
- paratyphoid
- consumption of undercook/raw egg
- decreased due to vaccination
Klebsiella general features
habitat, hosts, type
- in water, oil, GI tract, environment
- coliform
- nosocomial infections humans
- opportunistic pathogen
- primates, horses
What does Klebsiella cause in horses, dogs, and cattle?
dogs: pyometra, cystitis
horses: umbilical infections, metritis
cattle: mastitis
Diseases caused by Yersinis pestis in humans/cats
- bubonic plague: local lymphadenitis
- pneumonic plague: pneumonia
- septicemic plague: septicemia
What are the virulence factors of Yersinis pestis?
- capsule
- toxins
- iron acquisition
Describe the pathogenesis of Yersinis pestis
- fleas feed from infected host
- bacteria block flea proventriculus, so it seeks more animals to feed from
- bacteria contaminate feeding site
- survive in macrophages and cause apoptosis
- secrete proteins
- extracellular survival
Yersinis pestis in cats
symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
- fever, depression, coughing, CNS, lymphadenitis, tonsilitis, cranial and cervical edema, pneumonia
- D: culture, PCR, serology
- T: antibiotics
Yersinis pseudotuberculosis general features
- obligate symbiotic
- pathogenic in birds and rodents
- zoonotic
- facultative intracellular
Yersinis pseudotuberculosis virulence factors
- cell wall endotoxin
- adhesions to M cells in Peyers patches
- toxins on plasmids
- iron uptake
Pathogenesis of Yersinis pseudotuberculosis in humans and in birds/rodents
both: oral uptake, lymphoid tissue in intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes
human: colic
birds/rodents: sepsis and XXX in blood
What are the symptoms of Yersinis enterolitica in domestic animals and in humans?
animals: ileitis, gastro-enteritis
humans: colic, diarrhea
Proteus general features
- swarming bacteria
- post mortem XXX
- facultative symbiont
- facultative pathogen
- otitis and cystitis in dogs
Salmonella general features
- obligate symbiont
- most are non-host specific serotypes, others are host specific or host adapted/restricted
- resistant in environment
- non-host specific serotypes are zoonotic
- antimicrobial resistance
Which Salmonella species in pigs are zoonotic?
S. typhimurium
S. derby
Symptoms of Non-host specific Salmonella in horses
Mild, Acute, Hyperacute, Chronic
- Mild: general symptoms (fever, anorexia, depression), slight diarrhea
- Acute: fever, anorexia, colic, diarrhea, severe symptoms with cyanosis, shock, laminitis, slow recovery, possible replapses
- Hyperacute: foals, severe general symptoms, diarrhea, endotoxic shock and death
- Chronic: intermittent diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss, fever
Therapy for Non-host specific Salmonella in horses
- hydration: IV
- NSAID for shock
- antimicrobials
Salmonella in Dogs and Cats
symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
- enteritis and septicemia
- Diagnosis: culture, ELISA, PCR
- Treatment: hydration, antibiotics
Salmonella in Pigeons
- Paratyphus, S. typhimurium va Copenhagen
- carriers cause of spread
- systemic disease with diarrhea
- acute: during breeding
- chronic: on wing hanging down
- Symptoms: anorexia, diarrhea, limping, unable to fly, apathic, breeding difficulties, PU-PD, mortality
- Diagnosis: culture, slide agglutination
- Treat: antimicrobials, immune therapy, hygiene
Salmonella in Psittaciformes and Passerformes
- Psit: very rare
- Pass: (in birdhouses) stress, overcrowding, cold and humid, inappropriate feeding
- Symptoms: apathic, feed and water intake decreases, diarrhea
Yersinis pseudotuberuculosis in Passeriformes
- “fat liver disease” “rodentiosis”
- apathy, decreased water/feed intake, diarrhea, chronic: weight loss and respiratory distress
- lesions: large spleen with foci of necrosis, enlarged liver with foci of necrosis, foci of necrosis on ceca and lungs
- D: culture
- treat: antimicrobials, culling, hygiene
