General (Exam 1)

Question 1

Describe Gram Positive bacterial wall components

What color does it stain?

Answer 1

• Lipoteichoic acid
• Thick peptidoglycan layer
• Stains blue

Question 2

Describe Gram Negative bacterial wall components

What color does it stain?

Answer 2

• Out membrane with lipopolysaccharide
• Thin peptidoglycan layer
• Stains pink

Question 3

What does acid fast positive mean?

What color does it stain?

Answer 3

• Presence of mycolic acid in the cell wall

- Stains pink

Question 4

What does acid fast negative mean?

What color does it stain?

Answer 4

• Absence of mycolic acid

- Stains blue

Question 5

What are exotoxins?

Answer 5

proteins produced by bacteria and released to the outside where they exert their effect on target cells

Question 6

What are endotoxins?

Answer 6

• cell wall components of bacteria
• released when bacteria are killed
• can induce inflammation

Question 7

What are superantigens?

Answer 7

• produced by pathogenic microbes

- bind to MHC II on APCs and T helper receptors, causing polyclonal T cell activation and cytokine release

Question 8

What is seroconversion?

Answer 8

antibody development after exposure to a pathogen or an antigen

Question 9

What is an antibiotic?

Answer 9

a low molecular substance produced by a microorganism that at a low concentration inhibits or kills other microorganisms

Question 10

What is minimum inhibitory concentration?

Answer 10

the minimum amount of drug required to inhibit bacterial growth