PS8: group-based interactions Flashcards
in-group
group of people that one considers to be a part of
out-group
a group that one does not identify with
reference group
group of people that one uses to compare oneself with
social control theory
relationships collectively encourage individuals to conform to societal norms and values
primary reference groups
include one’s primary contacts, or the set of people that one meets and interacts with each day
secondary reference groups
more distant contacts, or people that one doesn’t interact with as frequently
tertiary reference groups
individuals with which there is not necessarily any interpersonal connection
bystander effect
individuals are less likely to offer help to someone or take responsibility for something when there are others present
social loafing
people are less likely to put in effort towards a goal when working in a group as compared to when working alone
obedience
compliance with commands and instructions given by authority figures
peer pressure
individuals are encouraged to change their behavior as the result of behavior among a group of others
groupthink
when a group of people convene and form the same collective opinions
group polarization
a group shifts toward a more extreme stance after a collective discussion, as compared to the individual’s initial stance
halo effect
when one observes a positive characteristic about a new individual, a positive impression of that individual is formed
mere exposure effect
people tend to develop a preference or liking for things due to a gained familiarity with them
