PS10: healthcare and epidemiology demographics

Question 1

socioeconomic health gradient

Answer 1

difference in health outcomes based on SES

Question 2

second sickness

Answer 2

worsening of health conditions based on socioeconomic disparities in healthcare

Question 3

epidemiology

Answer 3

the study of human disease at the population level

Question 4

descriptive epidemiology

Answer 4

focus on observational data collection and describes distribution or frequency by using case or ecological studies

Question 5

analytical epidemiology

Answer 5

focus on experimental data collection and searches for casue-and-effect relationships

Question 6

incidence

Answer 6

the number of new cases of a disease per population per unit time

Question 7

prevalence

Answer 7

the total number of cases of a disease in a population per unit time

Question 8

morbidity

Answer 8

the severity of illness caused by a disease

Question 9

mortality

Answer 9

the amount of death caused by a disease

Question 10

demographics

Answer 10

used to analyze a population by stratifying the population into different groups (ie: age, sexual orientation, gender, race and ethnicity, or immigration status)

Question 11

race

Answer 11

grouping people based on perceived shared qualities among members of the group

Question 12

racial formation theory

Answer 12

perceived traits serve to construct the identity of a race

Question 13

racialization

Answer 13

process of ascribing a race to a social process that does not inherently have a racial component

Question 14

ethnicity

Answer 14

grouping people based on cultural identifiers (ie: traditions, religion, or language)

Question 15

immigration

Answer 15

influx of people to a new area, leading to an increase in population size

Question 16

emigration

Answer 16

an efflux (moving out) of people that leads to a decrease in population size

Question 17

migration

Answer 17

general term discussing the relocation of people

Question 18

fertility

Answer 18

average number of children a woman gives birth to over her life in a certain population

Question 19

mortality

Answer 19

the death rate in a given population over the number of deaths per unit of time

Question 20

push factors

Answer 20

lead to emigration

Question 21

pull factors

Answer 21

lead to immigration

Question 22

malthusian theory

Answer 22

population growth is exponential while food growth is linear

Question 23

malthusian catastrophe

Answer 23

when there is no longer enough food to support a society

Question 24

anomie

Answer 24

lack of social structure or standards

Question 25

demographic transition model

Answer 25

Stage 1: high birth and death rates in a pre-industrial society

Stage 2: death rate falls due to improvements in public health and healthcare

Stage 3: birth rate falls due to industrialization and movement away from agriculture

Stage 4: death and birth rates are low, and the population grows steadily

Question 26

population pyramids

Answer 26

plot age versus the number of people of that age in a population

Question 27

relative deprivation

Answer 27

lack of resources to sustain basic human needs

Question 28

globalization

Answer 28

growing interconnectedness and interdependence of economies