PS10: healthcare and epidemiology demographics Flashcards
socioeconomic health gradient
difference in health outcomes based on SES
second sickness
worsening of health conditions based on socioeconomic disparities in healthcare
epidemiology
the study of human disease at the population level
descriptive epidemiology
focus on observational data collection and describes distribution or frequency by using case or ecological studies
analytical epidemiology
focus on experimental data collection and searches for casue-and-effect relationships
incidence
the number of new cases of a disease per population per unit time
prevalence
the total number of cases of a disease in a population per unit time
morbidity
the severity of illness caused by a disease
mortality
the amount of death caused by a disease
demographics
used to analyze a population by stratifying the population into different groups (ie: age, sexual orientation, gender, race and ethnicity, or immigration status)
race
grouping people based on perceived shared qualities among members of the group
racial formation theory
perceived traits serve to construct the identity of a race
racialization
process of ascribing a race to a social process that does not inherently have a racial component
ethnicity
grouping people based on cultural identifiers (ie: traditions, religion, or language)
immigration
influx of people to a new area, leading to an increase in population size
emigration
an efflux (moving out) of people that leads to a decrease in population size
migration
general term discussing the relocation of people
fertility
average number of children a woman gives birth to over her life in a certain population
mortality
the death rate in a given population over the number of deaths per unit of time
push factors
lead to emigration
pull factors
lead to immigration
malthusian theory
population growth is exponential while food growth is linear
malthusian catastrophe
when there is no longer enough food to support a society
anomie
lack of social structure or standards
demographic transition model
Stage 1: high birth and death rates in a pre-industrial society
Stage 2: death rate falls due to improvements in public health and healthcare
Stage 3: birth rate falls due to industrialization and movement away from agriculture
Stage 4: death and birth rates are low, and the population grows steadily
population pyramids
plot age versus the number of people of that age in a population
relative deprivation
lack of resources to sustain basic human needs
globalization
growing interconnectedness and interdependence of economies
