PS4: cognition and intelligence

Question 1

intelligence quotient (IQ)

Answer 1

mental age/chronological age * 100

Question 2

multiple intelligence

Answer 2

humans can be intelligent in different ways (linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, visual-spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal)

Question 3

general intelligence (G) factor

Answer 3

additional factor that accounts for the amount of intelligence an individual has

Question 4

fluid intelligence

Answer 4

problem-solving skills and critical thinking

Question 5

crystallized intelligence

Answer 5

concrete facts, skills, and knowledge

Question 6

attention

Answer 6

ability to focus on aspects of sensory info that are arriving at the brain

Question 7

selective attention

Answer 7

ability to attend to a single aspect of an incoming stream of sensory info

Question 8

divided attention

Answer 8

ability to attend to multiple items at once (multitasking)

Question 9

controlled (effortful) processing

Answer 9

need to provide undivided attention in order to learn new tasks

Question 10

consciousness

Answer 10

awareness of our surroundings and existence

Question 11

alertness

Answer 11

state of consciousness in which we are awake and able to form decisions

Question 12

mental set

Answer 12

set of experiences and processes we have used to solve problems in the past

Question 13

functional fixedness

Answer 13

when we are unable to see a new use for an object beyond its original purpose

Question 14

intuition

Answer 14

ability to understand a problem and answer it immediately without conscious reasoning

Question 15

recognition-primed decision model

Answer 15

scientific description of how intuition leads to our decisions

Question 16

algorithms

Answer 16

set series of steps that are followed to solve a particular problem

Question 17

inductive reasoning

Answer 17

bottom-up reasoning; uses specific details to find commonalities and arrive at a general conclusion

Question 18

deductive reasoning

Answer 18

top-down reasoning; use of general rules that become more specific based on previous conclusions

Question 19

heuristics

Answer 19

unconscious tools we use to speed up problem-solving

Question 20

representativeness heuristic

Answer 20

how well we can categorize items based on how they fit into a representation of a category

Question 21

availability heuristic

Answer 21

helps us decide the likelihood of an event based on how easily we can think of similar events

Question 22

base rate fallacy

Answer 22

use of stereotyped, misleading factors instead of statistical info

Question 23

confirmation bias

Answer 23

selective focus on info that already fits previously existing beliefs

Question 24

belief perseverance

Answer 24

inability to acknowledge that our previously held beliefs are incorrect