PS7: motivation Flashcards
intrinsic motivation
directed by internal rewards or desire to do something for its own sake (ie: watching tv). leads to high productivity and quality of work
extrinsic motivation
directed by external rewards from the environment (ie: receiving money for work). quality of work declines over time
self-concept
shaped by self-esteem, self-efficacy, and a perceived locus of control
self-esteem
perception of one’s identity, self-respect, and role in society
self-efficacy
perceived capabilities and independence within society
external locus of control
believing a situation is out of our control and is deeply influenced by other factors
internal locus of control
self-perception of capability and self-sufficiency (high self-concept)
self-serving bias
attributing success to an internal locus and failure to an external locus
fundamental attribution error
individuals are more likely to attribute the failures of others to inherently personality faults
drive reduction theory
all motivation arises from the goal of fulfilling biological needs (drives)
instinct theory
we are all born with innate tendencies for certain behaviors that enable us to survive
arousal theory
each person has an optimal level of arousal, and we are motivated to pursue behaviors that will help us maintain our optimal level
incentive theory
behavior is motivated by an individual’s environment through rewards, and demotivated by negative consequences
social cognitive theory
behavior is deeply influenced by cognitive processes and social context
elaboration likelihood model
persuasion occurs through the central and peripheral routes
central route
logical characteristics of an argument
peripheral route
includes factors not affecting the central argument, such as appearance of the speaker and use of props
attitudes
particular thoughts, feelings, and evaluations toward other components in the environment. formed through three components
affective component
emotional response (feelings)
behavioral component
external behaviors displayed
cognitive component
logical reasoning, beliefs, and knowledge-based evaluations
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
small tasks are asked of an individual to increase the likelihood of performing a larger task
door-in-the-face effect
an overwhelmingly large task is asked to increase the likelihood of performing a relatively smaller task
cognitive dissonance
two or more beliefs which directly contradict one another
