protozoan terminology Flashcards
Symbiosis: definition and 3 types and definition
“living together” an association of two species (symbionts)
- Mutualism: co-dependance (+/+)
- Commensalism: sharing (0/+)
- Parasitism: (-/+)
Symbiosis: definition and 3 types and definition
“living together” an association of two species (symbionts)
- Mutualism: co-dependance (+/+)
- Commensalism: sharing (0/+)
- Parasitism: (-/+)
what is the continuum of symbiosis?
parasitism>commensalism>mutulalism>freeliving
Parasitism:
type of symbiosis whereby one (parasite) is METABOLICALLY DEPENDANT on another (host)
is ‘parasite’ a functional label or a taxon
functional label
what is the correlation between parasites and evolutionary behavior
parasite needs a host. as the host evolves so must a parasite
what is a trend with parasitism?
maximize parasite reproduction and minimize host damage
Endoparasite
parasite lives INSIDE host (stomach, blood, muscle)
Ectoparasite
parasite lives ON the host’s body
Definitive host:
host where sexual reproduction occurs
Intermediate host:
carries developing SEXUALLY IMMATURE stages
Transport/paratenic host
carries parasite, NO DEVELOPMENT
accidental host
atypical host, usually much pathology, sometimes mortality
host specificity (2 types)
the ability of a parasite to infect different species
- Specialist: infect only one host species as the definitive host
- Generalist: infect several host species as the def. host
Direct (monoxenous) life cycle
parasite transmitted directly from one DEFINITIVE HOST TO ANOTHER
indirect (heteroxenous) life cycle
the parasite is transmitted to one or more INTERMEDIATE HOSTS before the definitive host is infected
(relies heavily on predator/prey relationship)
zoonosis
transmission of an animal parasite to HUMANS
epizootic
rapid, uncontrollable spread of a disease amon a WILD population
hyperparatism**
a parasite that carries another parasite
problem with introduced (exotic) species in relation to parasites
native parasites show more sever effects in new species.
-rapid spread of disease (lack period of coevolution)
example of host behavior modification
sheep eats crass, worm in gut, released in feces, eggin feces, eaten by snail, develops in snail, snail poops it out, gets eaten by ant, develops further in ant, takes over brain, makes the ant change behavior so that is easily eaten by sheep.
what is the continuum of symbiosis?
parasitism>commensalism>mutulalism>freeliving
Parasitism:
type of symbiosis whereby one (parasite) is METABOLICALLY DEPENDANT on another (host)
is ‘parasite’ a functional label or a taxon
functional label
what is the correlation between parasites and evolutionary behavior
parasite needs a host. as the host evolves so must a parasite
what is a trend with parasitism?
maximize parasite reproduction and minimize host damage
Endoparasite
parasite lives INSIDE host (stomach, blood, muscle)
Ectoparasite
parasite lives ON the host’s body
Definitive host:
host where sexual reproduction occurs
Intermediate host:
carries developing SEXUALLY IMMATURE stages
Transport/paratenic host
carries parasite, NO DEVELOPMENT
accidental host
atypical host, usually much pathology, sometimes mortality
host specificity (2 types)
the ability of a parasite to infect different species
- Specialist: infect only one host species as the definitive host
- Generalist: infect several host species as the def. host
Direct (monoxenous) life cycle
parasite transmitted directly from one DEFINITIVE HOST TO ANOTHER
indirect (heteroxenous) life cycle
the parasite is transmitted to one or more INTERMEDIATE HOSTS before the definitive host is infected
(relies heavily on predator/prey relationship)
zoonosis
transmission of an animal parasite to HUMANS
epizootic
rapid, uncontrollable spread of a disease amon a WILD population
hyperparatism**
a parasite that carries another parasite
problem with introduced (exotic) species in relation to parasites
native parasites show more sever effects in new species.
-rapid spread of disease (lack period of coevolution)
example of host behavior modification
sheep eats crass, worm in gut, released in feces, eggin feces, eaten by snail, develops in snail, snail poops it out, gets eaten by ant, develops further in ant, takes over brain, makes the ant change behavior so that is easily eaten by sheep.
name the three facts of parasitism
- more parasites than free living organisms in the world
- parasitism has evolved independently in nearly every anmal phylum
- if you are not a host you are a parasite
