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FISH 241 > mini quiz 4 -ch 6 > Flashcards

mini quiz 4 -ch 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is more problematic for diagnosing bacteria; gram negative or gram positve

A

gram neg

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2
Q

what kind of cells are bacteria?

A

Prokaryotic - lack membrane bound nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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3
Q

are bacteria heterotrophs or autotrophs?

A

both. photosynthesis and chemosynthesis

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4
Q

benefits and disadvantages of bacteria

A

B: decomposers, fermentation, n-fixers, pesticides, food.
D: parasitic, PATHOGENIC, decompoers

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5
Q

how many genera of bacteria are there?

A

15+

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6
Q

gram pos stains what colour?

A

purple

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7
Q

what shape are bacteria?

A

cocci or spiral

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8
Q

name culture and bacterial tests

A

culture media: general, enrichment, selective or differential.
biochemichal tests: O-F, API-20E

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9
Q

what sort of Genetic Techniques can be used for bacterial diagnosis?

A

PCR. not RT-PCR b/c there is no RNA

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10
Q

Features to enhance pathogenicity (for testing/growth)

A 
motility - vibrio
capsules - aromonas
spores - clostridium botulinum
gram pos cell walls - renibacterium
LPS layer - Gram -ve
exotoxins - vibrio, clostridium
endotoxins - vibrio, aeromonas
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11
Q

five ways for horizontal transmission

A

ingestion, contact, accidental, FOMITES, vectors

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12
Q

what is a common feature of diseases caused by gram negative bacteria?

A

Septicimia. toxins released from cell membranes, circulate in blood, turn the blood toxic.

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13
Q

what is the difference btwn diseases caused by gram neg bacteria and viral diseases, as far as notification goes?

A

gram-neg caused = annually notifiable to CFIA

viral = reportable

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14
Q

LEARN TO COMPARE AND CONTRAST GRAM NEG BACTERIA AND VIRAL DISEASES

A

compare and contrast question

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15
Q

scientific name for furunculosis

A

aeromonas salmonicida

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16
Q

what type of water will you find furuncolosis? what life stages does it affect?

A

fw or sw.

all life stages

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17
Q

4 types of infection for furunculosis

A

peracute
acute
chronic
covert/latent

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18
Q

how do you diagnose furunculosis?

A

culture: TSA. brown pigment
CBB
OF +/+
stress-induced tests

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19
Q

O/F test means what?

A

oxidative fermentation

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20
Q

how to treat furunculosis

A

anitibiotics. rare

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21
Q

how to prevent furunculosis

A

vaccines (Biojec 1500, Furogen, Lipogen Forte, Advantigen 5.1), smolt screening

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22
Q

how does atypical furunculosis differ?

A

no brown pigment. blood agar (BA)

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23
Q

what does MAS stand for?

A

Motile Acromonad Septicimia

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24
Q

shape of MAS

A

flagellated baccilus

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25
Q

shape of Aeromonas

A

baccilus, cocco-baccilus

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26
Q

OF test for MAS

27
Q

what water do you find MAS?

28
Q

MAS acute at what temp?

29
Q

MAS diagnosis:

A

TSA or BHI

30
Q

MAS prevention?

A

good husbandry

31
Q

Vibrio anguillarum, V. ordalli. cell shape?

A

flagellated curved baccilus, FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE

32
Q

v. anguillarum, v. ordalli. OF test

33
Q

symptoms of v. anguillarum/ordalli

A

red spots (vent and lat), lesions. petichiae @ base of fins and skin. distended abdomen. darkened skin. liver hemhorrages

34
Q

Pathogenicity of v. anguillarum/ordalli

A

iron uptake, proteases, blood clots, toxins, septicimia

35
Q

diagnosis of v. anguillarum/ordalli

A

TSA + 1%salt

36
Q

Treatment of v. anguillarum/ordalli

A

antibiotic resistance, prevention via vaccines.

37
Q

v. anguillarum/ordalli affect which type of fish?

A

salmonids. halibut, gadoids and european turbot more resistant.

38
Q

Hitra disease =

A

V. salmonicida

39
Q

v. salmonicida diagnosis

A

TSA + blood

40
Q

vaccine for v. salmonicida

A

advantigen 5.1

41
Q

v. parahaemolyticus, v. tubiashi

WHAT IS IMPORTANT ABOUT THESE?

A

can affect humans.

found in shellfish and humans.

42
Q

common names for myxobacteria

A

BGD (bacterial gill disease) and CWD coldwater disease

43
Q

new generas of myxobacteria

A

Flavobacterium (f/w), Tenacibaculum (s/w)

44
Q

myxobacteria = shape

A

long flexible rods, GLYCOCALYX gram neg

45
Q

F. branchiophylum (common name) + describe

A

BGD bacterial gill disease

anorexia, spots become bacteria overgrowth, impairs gill function

46
Q

F. psychrophilum (common name)

A

coldwater disease (CWD)
rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS)
fin/tail rot. begins as white lesions. horizontal and vertical transmission

47
Q

Teacibaculum maritimum:

  • what type is this?
  • first signs?
  • diagnosis?
  • treatment/prevention?
A
  • myxobacteria, gram neg
  • rot on mouth, fins, gills. increased mucus.
  • CA, TA, MHS
  • good husbandry
48
Q

ERM Disease =

A

enteric red mouth disease. gram neg

49
Q

ERM symptoms:

A

reddening of throat and mouth, septicimia, exophthalmia

50
Q

ERM diagnosis, treatment

A

TSA + 5% blood

vaccine

51
Q

Salmonid Rickettsial Disease. reportable?

A

no longer have this on their list. ENDEMIC in canada.

52
Q

Rickettsial:

  • what gram?
  • what type of pathogen?
  • symptoms?
  • Diagnosis
  • treatment
A
  • gram neg
  • obligate intracellular pathogen
  • pale gills, renomegaly, nodules in liver, petechiae
  • CPE, liver lesions, histology FAT PCR
  • Novartis, pharmaq
53
Q

BKD:

  • reportable?
  • scientific name?
  • gram?
  • shape?
  • affects what fish?
  • transmission?
A
  • annually
  • Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs)
  • positive
  • bacillus, non motile, intracellular
  • mostly marine wild and cultureed salmon
  • vertical and horizontal
54
Q

BKD:

  • symptoms?
  • pathogenesis?
  • diagnosis (best)?
  • treatment?
A
  • darkened skin, swollen abdomne, exophthalmia, lesions in all organs, grey nodules in kidney, splenomegaly. everything.
  • P57 antigen enzymes. Immunosuppression.
  • ELISA, Culture(KDM), Q-PCR
  • erythromycein, renogen
55
Q

Fish Tuberculosis (TB) - Mycobacteriosis:

  • new scientific name
  • affects what kind of fish
  • symptoms
  • affect humans?
A
  • M. salmoniphilum
  • ornamental fish v. common. some wild fish (cod, halibut, mackerel, striped bass)
  • pale color, nodules on organs. bent spine, exophthalmia
  • aquarists finger. pulmonary disease
  • gram pos
56
Q

bacterial diseases in shellfish:

  • name some
  • gram neg/pos
  • affects what spp
A
  • vibrio alginolyticus, v. tubiashi, vibrio spp
  • gram neg
  • oysters, clams, scallops, abalone
  • Gaffkernia (red tail diserase) from Aerococcus
  • gram pos
  • lobsters
57
Q

are bacterial diseases more common in the wild or in cultured fish?

A

v. rarely found in farmed fish due to vaccines

58
Q

are bacterial diseases a serious problem? why/why not?

A

not as serious as in the past

treatment and PREVENTION techniques available

59
Q

which diseases affect atlantics?

which diseases affect pacifics?

A

ats: furunculosis and myxobacteria
pacs: bkd and rickettsia

60
Q

what is a main cause of bacterial disease?

61
Q

6 features that add to the pathogenecity of bacteria

A
  • motility
  • capsules
  • spores
  • gram+ cell walls
  • LPS layer
  • glycocalyx
  • toxins
62
Q

furunculosis is often a problematic disease why?

A
  • obligate
  • horizontal trans
  • hydrophobic
  • attacks all life stages
63
Q

furunculosis is names after what?

A

furuncles, blisters

FISH 241 (18 decks)

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