mini quiz 4 -ch 6 Flashcards
What is more problematic for diagnosing bacteria; gram negative or gram positve
gram neg
what kind of cells are bacteria?
Prokaryotic - lack membrane bound nucleus and membrane bound organelles
are bacteria heterotrophs or autotrophs?
both. photosynthesis and chemosynthesis
benefits and disadvantages of bacteria
B: decomposers, fermentation, n-fixers, pesticides, food.
D: parasitic, PATHOGENIC, decompoers
how many genera of bacteria are there?
15+
gram pos stains what colour?
purple
what shape are bacteria?
cocci or spiral
name culture and bacterial tests
culture media: general, enrichment, selective or differential.
biochemichal tests: O-F, API-20E
what sort of Genetic Techniques can be used for bacterial diagnosis?
PCR. not RT-PCR b/c there is no RNA
Features to enhance pathogenicity (for testing/growth)
motility - vibrio capsules - aromonas spores - clostridium botulinum gram pos cell walls - renibacterium LPS layer - Gram -ve exotoxins - vibrio, clostridium endotoxins - vibrio, aeromonas
five ways for horizontal transmission
ingestion, contact, accidental, FOMITES, vectors
what is a common feature of diseases caused by gram negative bacteria?
Septicimia. toxins released from cell membranes, circulate in blood, turn the blood toxic.
what is the difference btwn diseases caused by gram neg bacteria and viral diseases, as far as notification goes?
gram-neg caused = annually notifiable to CFIA
viral = reportable
LEARN TO COMPARE AND CONTRAST GRAM NEG BACTERIA AND VIRAL DISEASES
compare and contrast question
scientific name for furunculosis
aeromonas salmonicida
what type of water will you find furuncolosis? what life stages does it affect?
fw or sw.
all life stages
4 types of infection for furunculosis
peracute
acute
chronic
covert/latent
how do you diagnose furunculosis?
culture: TSA. brown pigment
CBB
OF +/+
stress-induced tests
O/F test means what?
oxidative fermentation
how to treat furunculosis
anitibiotics. rare
how to prevent furunculosis
vaccines (Biojec 1500, Furogen, Lipogen Forte, Advantigen 5.1), smolt screening
how does atypical furunculosis differ?
no brown pigment. blood agar (BA)
what does MAS stand for?
Motile Acromonad Septicimia
shape of MAS
flagellated baccilus
shape of Aeromonas
baccilus, cocco-baccilus
OF test for MAS
+/+
what water do you find MAS?
fw
MAS acute at what temp?
20-22
MAS diagnosis:
TSA or BHI
MAS prevention?
good husbandry
Vibrio anguillarum, V. ordalli. cell shape?
flagellated curved baccilus, FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE
v. anguillarum, v. ordalli. OF test
+/+
symptoms of v. anguillarum/ordalli
red spots (vent and lat), lesions. petichiae @ base of fins and skin. distended abdomen. darkened skin. liver hemhorrages
Pathogenicity of v. anguillarum/ordalli
iron uptake, proteases, blood clots, toxins, septicimia
diagnosis of v. anguillarum/ordalli
TSA + 1%salt
Treatment of v. anguillarum/ordalli
antibiotic resistance, prevention via vaccines.
v. anguillarum/ordalli affect which type of fish?
salmonids. halibut, gadoids and european turbot more resistant.
Hitra disease =
V. salmonicida
v. salmonicida diagnosis
TSA + blood
vaccine for v. salmonicida
advantigen 5.1
v. parahaemolyticus, v. tubiashi
WHAT IS IMPORTANT ABOUT THESE?
can affect humans.
found in shellfish and humans.
common names for myxobacteria
BGD (bacterial gill disease) and CWD coldwater disease
new generas of myxobacteria
Flavobacterium (f/w), Tenacibaculum (s/w)
myxobacteria = shape
long flexible rods, GLYCOCALYX gram neg
F. branchiophylum (common name) + describe
BGD bacterial gill disease
anorexia, spots become bacteria overgrowth, impairs gill function
F. psychrophilum (common name)
coldwater disease (CWD)
rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS)
fin/tail rot. begins as white lesions. horizontal and vertical transmission
Teacibaculum maritimum:
- what type is this?
- first signs?
- diagnosis?
- treatment/prevention?
- myxobacteria, gram neg
- rot on mouth, fins, gills. increased mucus.
- CA, TA, MHS
- good husbandry
ERM Disease =
enteric red mouth disease. gram neg
ERM symptoms:
reddening of throat and mouth, septicimia, exophthalmia
ERM diagnosis, treatment
TSA + 5% blood
vaccine
Salmonid Rickettsial Disease. reportable?
no longer have this on their list. ENDEMIC in canada.
Rickettsial:
- what gram?
- what type of pathogen?
- symptoms?
- Diagnosis
- treatment
- gram neg
- obligate intracellular pathogen
- pale gills, renomegaly, nodules in liver, petechiae
- CPE, liver lesions, histology FAT PCR
- Novartis, pharmaq
BKD:
- reportable?
- scientific name?
- gram?
- shape?
- affects what fish?
- transmission?
- annually
- Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs)
- positive
- bacillus, non motile, intracellular
- mostly marine wild and cultureed salmon
- vertical and horizontal
BKD:
- symptoms?
- pathogenesis?
- diagnosis (best)?
- treatment?
- darkened skin, swollen abdomne, exophthalmia, lesions in all organs, grey nodules in kidney, splenomegaly. everything.
- P57 antigen enzymes. Immunosuppression.
- ELISA, Culture(KDM), Q-PCR
- erythromycein, renogen
Fish Tuberculosis (TB) - Mycobacteriosis:
- new scientific name
- affects what kind of fish
- symptoms
- affect humans?
- M. salmoniphilum
- ornamental fish v. common. some wild fish (cod, halibut, mackerel, striped bass)
- pale color, nodules on organs. bent spine, exophthalmia
- aquarists finger. pulmonary disease
- gram pos
bacterial diseases in shellfish:
- name some
- gram neg/pos
- affects what spp
- vibrio alginolyticus, v. tubiashi, vibrio spp
- gram neg
- oysters, clams, scallops, abalone
- Gaffkernia (red tail diserase) from Aerococcus
- gram pos
- lobsters
are bacterial diseases more common in the wild or in cultured fish?
v. rarely found in farmed fish due to vaccines
are bacterial diseases a serious problem? why/why not?
not as serious as in the past
treatment and PREVENTION techniques available
which diseases affect atlantics?
which diseases affect pacifics?
ats: furunculosis and myxobacteria
pacs: bkd and rickettsia
what is a main cause of bacterial disease?
stress
6 features that add to the pathogenecity of bacteria
- motility
- capsules
- spores
- gram+ cell walls
- LPS layer
- glycocalyx
- toxins
furunculosis is often a problematic disease why?
- obligate
- horizontal trans
- hydrophobic
- attacks all life stages
furunculosis is names after what?
furuncles, blisters
