mini quiz 1 Flashcards
‘Disease’ is defined by which 8 points? **
- disruption of normal processes
- reduced health, weakened state
- caused by infection of pathogens/parasites OR
- caused by genetic abnormalities OR
- caused by environment
- infectious or non-infectious
- chronic or acute
- diseased organism may recover or die
what are the three possible causes of a disease? **
- infection of pathogens/parasites
- genetic abnormalities
- environment
‘Pathogen’ is defined by which 4 points? **
- disease causing organism
- virus, bacteria, fungi
- short generation time (minutes, hours)
- most multiply within the host
define a parasite
- use living organisms as a source of food and habitat. may/may not cause disease
- protists, fungi, helminthes, arthropods, leeches
- ‘longer’ generation time (months, years)
- multiply within or outside host
Transmission
transfer of pathogen/parasite from infection source to a new host.
Horizontal vs vertical transmission
Horizontal: fish to fish
Vertical: parent to offspring
Resistance (2 concepts)
- reduction in susceptibility of pathogens to chemichal treatment
- ability of a host to resist a pathogen
Infection
having one or more parasites or pathogens
Prevalence
% of hosts infected
Abundance
number of pathogens/parasites per host
stress
responce to maintain normal function as a result of some chemichal or physical force.
-places a high demand (energetically) on the organism, resulting in a weakened state.
Name four sources of stress
- Water quality
- Holding conditions, fish habitat
- Parasites, Pathogens
- Behavioural Interactions
Three key factors of a good Fish Health Management plan. **
- Prevention
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
Name the 8 goals to prevent the origin of disease
- reduce stress via good husbandry
- good water quality
- proper nutrition
- habitat manipulation (tank/net design)
- Vaccines, immunostimulants
- breed resistant fish stocks
- international regulations; prevent spread
- BIOSECURITY
name 6 biosecurity techniques
- detailed record keeping
- disinfect all equipement
- footbaths, hand wash
- morts removal, proper disposal
- avoid precessing fish at/near tanks/netpens
- regular parasite screening
overall concept of Biosecurity vs Biocontainment
biosecurity= prevention biocontainment= treatment
what are the 5 levels of hygiene?
- none
- organized and tidy
- sanitized
- disinfected
- sterilized
name 6 types of chemical disinfectants
- bleach
- iodine
- PerOxigard
- Virkon
- Ammonia compounds
- Trichloro pucks
5 types of footbaths
- aluminum trays/rubbermaid totes
- covers with lifters
- nylon sponge pads
- dual dip systems
- cement walk wells
What is your fish check/dive order?
- healthy before sick
- young before old
- smolt site, production site, harvest site
5 categories of Diagnosis
- obsevation
- microscopy
- culture and biochemichal tests
- immunological/serological
- genetic
what does VDD stand for? CFIA?
Veterinary Drugs Directorate
Canadian Food Inspection Agency
What are three types of treatments that can be used for salmon? What is their purpose? Name some products.
- Antibiotics: disease product. Romet30, Aquaflor, Teramycin Aqua, Tribrisson
- Paracides: treating paracides. Salmosan, Formalin, SLICE.
- Disinfectants: for disinfecting.. Wescodyne, Virkon, Preoxiade, Peroxigard
What are key factors that promote disease outbreaks? **
poor water quality, poor nutrition, stress.
What observations do we make when it comes to fish and shellfish’s limited responses to parasite and pathogen invasion?
They share similar symptoms
look at the images on D2L for fish internal and extermal anotomy, and shellfish anatomy
Also review the anatomy of everything in this damn lecture.
What is the function of skin on fish?
Protection, salt balance (osmoregulation), mucous cells, scales
name the single fins of a gadoid, and the number associated with them
Dorsal (3) Anal (2) Caudal (1)
Liver
- process nutrients, bile production and blood filtering via network of blood vessels.
- oil and fat storage
Spleen
-blood filtering, maintenance of immune system cells (HAEMATOPOIETIC tissue)
Stomach and Intestine
-digest and absorb nutrients, process wastes, large surface area, pyloric caecae
physoclistous vs physostomous
clistous=closed
stomous=open
hyper, hypo and iso tonic. what do the pre suffixes mean?
hyper=more
hypo=less
iso=equal
Kidney
- head kidney
- posterior kidney
- urine production, salt balance
- blood cell formation, hormones and blood filtering
- head, mid and posterior kidney
Marine fish are hyper or hypotonic? what does that mean for the fish?
Hypotonic. Net loss of water
Freshwater fish are hyper or hypotonic? what does that mean for the fish?
Hypertonic Net gain of water
what are the gills used for in a shellfish?
feeding, not respiration
What organs contain hematopeietic tissue in fish?
Spleen
Compare and contrast the osmoregulatory challenges and solutions of a sablefish and a white sturgeon?
sablefish=marine, hypertonic. net loss of water, must gulp water.
White sturgeon=fw, hypotonic. net gain of water, must pee all of the time
Do shellfish have a back?
yes, because they have sides.
does a fish with 2 heads hava a disease?
not necessarily.
What do you call a network of vessels that allow gases to exchange from the blood to the air bladder?
Rete mirabla
water always flows from hypo to hyper or hyper to hypo
hypo to hyper
Gills: function
gas exchange, salt and acid balance. many blood vessels
what are the oldest parts of a shellfish? What is the term for this area?
The umbo and hinge. The dorsal side.
