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FISH 241 > mini quiz 1 > Flashcards

mini quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

‘Disease’ is defined by which 8 points? **

A
  • disruption of normal processes
  • reduced health, weakened state
  • caused by infection of pathogens/parasites OR
  • caused by genetic abnormalities OR
  • caused by environment
  • infectious or non-infectious
  • chronic or acute
  • diseased organism may recover or die
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2
Q

what are the three possible causes of a disease? **

A
  • infection of pathogens/parasites
  • genetic abnormalities
  • environment
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3
Q

‘Pathogen’ is defined by which 4 points? **

A
  • disease causing organism
  • virus, bacteria, fungi
  • short generation time (minutes, hours)
  • most multiply within the host
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4
Q

define a parasite

A
  • use living organisms as a source of food and habitat. may/may not cause disease
  • protists, fungi, helminthes, arthropods, leeches
  • ‘longer’ generation time (months, years)
  • multiply within or outside host
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5
Q

Transmission

A

transfer of pathogen/parasite from infection source to a new host.

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6
Q

Horizontal vs vertical transmission

A

Horizontal: fish to fish
Vertical: parent to offspring

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7
Q

Resistance (2 concepts)

A
  • reduction in susceptibility of pathogens to chemichal treatment
  • ability of a host to resist a pathogen
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8
Q

Infection

A

having one or more parasites or pathogens

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9
Q

Prevalence

A

% of hosts infected

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10
Q

Abundance

A

number of pathogens/parasites per host

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11
Q

stress

A

responce to maintain normal function as a result of some chemichal or physical force.
-places a high demand (energetically) on the organism, resulting in a weakened state.

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12
Q

Name four sources of stress

A
  • Water quality
  • Holding conditions, fish habitat
  • Parasites, Pathogens
  • Behavioural Interactions
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13
Q

Three key factors of a good Fish Health Management plan. **

A
  • Prevention
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
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14
Q

Name the 8 goals to prevent the origin of disease

A
  • reduce stress via good husbandry
  • good water quality
  • proper nutrition
  • habitat manipulation (tank/net design)
  • Vaccines, immunostimulants
  • breed resistant fish stocks
  • international regulations; prevent spread
  • BIOSECURITY
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15
Q

name 6 biosecurity techniques

A
  • detailed record keeping
  • disinfect all equipement
  • footbaths, hand wash
  • morts removal, proper disposal
  • avoid precessing fish at/near tanks/netpens
  • regular parasite screening
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16
Q

overall concept of Biosecurity vs Biocontainment

A 
biosecurity= prevention
biocontainment= treatment
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17
Q

what are the 5 levels of hygiene?

A
  • none
  • organized and tidy
  • sanitized
  • disinfected
  • sterilized
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18
Q

name 6 types of chemical disinfectants

A
  • bleach
  • iodine
  • PerOxigard
  • Virkon
  • Ammonia compounds
  • Trichloro pucks
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19
Q

5 types of footbaths

A
  • aluminum trays/rubbermaid totes
  • covers with lifters
  • nylon sponge pads
  • dual dip systems
  • cement walk wells
20
Q

What is your fish check/dive order?

A
  • healthy before sick
  • young before old
  • smolt site, production site, harvest site
21
Q

5 categories of Diagnosis

A
  • obsevation
  • microscopy
  • culture and biochemichal tests
  • immunological/serological
  • genetic
22
Q

what does VDD stand for? CFIA?

A

Veterinary Drugs Directorate

Canadian Food Inspection Agency

23
Q

What are three types of treatments that can be used for salmon? What is their purpose? Name some products.

A
  • Antibiotics: disease product. Romet30, Aquaflor, Teramycin Aqua, Tribrisson
  • Paracides: treating paracides. Salmosan, Formalin, SLICE.
  • Disinfectants: for disinfecting.. Wescodyne, Virkon, Preoxiade, Peroxigard
24
Q

What are key factors that promote disease outbreaks? **

A

poor water quality, poor nutrition, stress.

25
Q

What observations do we make when it comes to fish and shellfish’s limited responses to parasite and pathogen invasion?

A

They share similar symptoms

26
Q

look at the images on D2L for fish internal and extermal anotomy, and shellfish anatomy

A

Also review the anatomy of everything in this damn lecture.

27
Q

What is the function of skin on fish?

A

Protection, salt balance (osmoregulation), mucous cells, scales

28
Q

name the single fins of a gadoid, and the number associated with them

A

Dorsal (3) Anal (2) Caudal (1)

29
Q

Liver

A
  • process nutrients, bile production and blood filtering via network of blood vessels.
  • oil and fat storage
30
Q

Spleen

A

-blood filtering, maintenance of immune system cells (HAEMATOPOIETIC tissue)

31
Q

Stomach and Intestine

A

-digest and absorb nutrients, process wastes, large surface area, pyloric caecae

32
Q

physoclistous vs physostomous

A

clistous=closed

stomous=open

33
Q

hyper, hypo and iso tonic. what do the pre suffixes mean?

A

hyper=more
hypo=less
iso=equal

34
Q

Kidney

  • head kidney
  • posterior kidney
A
  • urine production, salt balance
  • blood cell formation, hormones and blood filtering
  • head, mid and posterior kidney
35
Q

Marine fish are hyper or hypotonic? what does that mean for the fish?

A

Hypotonic. Net loss of water

36
Q

Freshwater fish are hyper or hypotonic? what does that mean for the fish?

A

Hypertonic Net gain of water

37
Q

what are the gills used for in a shellfish?

A

feeding, not respiration

38
Q

What organs contain hematopeietic tissue in fish?

A

Spleen

39
Q

Compare and contrast the osmoregulatory challenges and solutions of a sablefish and a white sturgeon?

A

sablefish=marine, hypertonic. net loss of water, must gulp water.
White sturgeon=fw, hypotonic. net gain of water, must pee all of the time

40
Q

Do shellfish have a back?

A

yes, because they have sides.

41
Q

does a fish with 2 heads hava a disease?

A

not necessarily.

42
Q

What do you call a network of vessels that allow gases to exchange from the blood to the air bladder?

A

Rete mirabla

43
Q

water always flows from hypo to hyper or hyper to hypo

A

hypo to hyper

44
Q

Gills: function

A

gas exchange, salt and acid balance. many blood vessels

45
Q

what are the oldest parts of a shellfish? What is the term for this area?

A

The umbo and hinge. The dorsal side.

FISH 241 (18 decks)

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