mini quiz 4 - ch 7

Question 1

‘myco’ = what?

Answer 1

fungus

Question 2

features of a fungal pathogen

Answer 2

• multicellular, no true organs
• heterotroph
• EXTRACELLULAR DIGESTION
• septate or aseptate
• spores
• sexual and asexual reproduction

Question 3

saprobe

Answer 3

an organism who derives its nourishment from non living or decaying organic matter

Question 4

fungi as infectious disease agent:

• obligate or non obligate?
• facultative?

Answer 4

obligate

facultative

Question 5

2 modes of fungal pathogenecity

Answer 5

1- invasive ( surface - skin, gills, shell) (deeper - viscera, muscles, vessels)
2- toxic (mycotoxins) spoil feed. Liver and kidney necrosis, gill necrois, blood vessel damage

Question 6

what is an important technique when diagnosing fungus?

Answer 6

Sterile techniques essential

Question 7

main diagnosis methods for fungus

Answer 7

microscopy (saprolignia) (Ich) (trichmaris)

culture (antibiotic and baiting techniques)

Question 8

2 types of baits for culture media

Answer 8

nutrient rich - hemp seed, salmon eggs, paste

nutrient poor - hair, insect wing, pollen

Question 9

2 types of culture media, and why use them

Answer 9

solid: get thalli/hyphae only
fluid: get zoospore production

Question 10

prevention and treatment of fungus

Answer 10

• good husbandry
• prophylactic or treatment bath (malachite green, formalin, hydrogen peroxide, salt or sea water dip, wescodyne, ova dine, pyceze)
• no vaccines, dont need em

Question 11

what is an oomycete

Answer 11

egg fungus

Question 12

saprolegnia spp:

• where do you find it
• what does it look like
• what does it affect
• promoting factors
• what sort of transmission
• fish defences?
• treatment/prevention

Answer 12

• opportunistic fw worldwide
• cotton like tufts, hyphae aseptate
• primarily eggs, also gills, skin
• sexual maturation, wounds, environmental stress, infection
• horizontal
• mucus
• good husbandry, good flow rates

Question 13

is saprolignia a fungus or a mold?

Answer 13

mold. protist.

Question 14

what is special about Apanomyces astaci?

• where is it found?
• what is it known as?
• what diagnosis technique is available?

Answer 14

OIE listed. CFIA ‘immediately notifiable’.

• europe,japan
• crayfish plague
• PCR - (ONLY FUNGAL THING W PCR!)

Question 15

what is the only fungal pathogen that has a PCR test?

Answer 15

Aphanomyces astaci - crayfish plague

Question 16

phylum deuteromycetes = what?

Answer 16

secondary fungi, fungi imperfecti. PROTIST

Question 17

what phylum does ich belong to?

Answer 17

deuteromycetes

Question 18

what is ich’s full name?

Answer 18

Ichthyophanus baferi

Question 19

ICH:

• where found
• how is it acquired?

Answer 19

• mostly marine, but also fw. cultured + wild

- ingestion of thick walled spores

Question 20

2 types of virility for ich

Answer 20

acute (lethal in 30 days)

chronic (lethal in ~ 6 months)

Question 21

how to prevent ich

Answer 21

avoid using dead fish as feed

Question 22

symptoms of ich

Answer 22

nodules in fillets, white spots on liver, heart

Question 23

Fusarium:

• what animal does it affect?
• what would you observe?
• endemic?
• found in what media?

Answer 23

• lobsters, crab, some shrimp
• ‘burn spot disease’ black gills, darkening skin
• black gill disease local in shrimp
• soil and water borne spores

Question 24

phylum Ascomycetes = what?

Answer 24

sac-fungi

Question 25

Trichomaris invadens: - what phylum - what animal does it affect - what type of pathogen - symptoms

Answer 25

- asteromycetes - snow crab/tanner crabs - obligate fungal pathogen, septate hyphae - black spots on carapace or limbs.

Question 26

what is a main cause of fungal pathogens?

Answer 26

too wet, make it more dry. hatcheries work better with dry conditions.

Question 27

fungal pathogens more problematic for what type of animal?

Answer 27

- shellfish over fish | - wild over farmed

Question 28

fungal presence implies what?

Answer 28

poor husbandry. often overlooked.

Question 29

Which aquatic fungal pathogen is OIE listed? why is it listed? is it a problem in BC?

Answer 29

Aphanomyces astaci - crayfish plague - rapid spread, asymptomatic - no, N.American spp more resistant.

Question 30

2 common treatments and 2 common prevention techniques for fungal pathogens

Answer 30

``` Treatments: - baths (formalin, malachite green, saltwater ) -Pyceze Prevention: -good husbandry -elevated flow rates ```

Question 31

`what stage in the farming of salmon is most challenged by Saprolegnia infections and why? What other two pathogens are commonly found with saprolegnia infections?

Answer 31

- eggs, non-motile, spores can easily attach (why you should elevate flow rates), no mucus glands yet - ?

Question 32

2 trends with aquatic fungal diseases

Answer 32

- obligate (need a host) | - facultative (easy to culture)

Question 33

similarities among the diagnosis of fungal, bacterial,and viral pathology?

Answer 33

-culture media and micorscopy the best

Question 34

what are the differences among the diagnosis of fungal, baterial and viral pathogens?

Answer 34

viruses extremely difficult to use microscopy. pcr and flouro tests the best