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FISH 241 > mini quiz 4 - ch 7 > Flashcards

mini quiz 4 - ch 7 Flashcards

1
Q

‘myco’ = what?

A

fungus

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2
Q

features of a fungal pathogen

A
  • multicellular, no true organs
  • heterotroph
  • EXTRACELLULAR DIGESTION
  • septate or aseptate
  • spores
  • sexual and asexual reproduction
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3
Q

saprobe

A

an organism who derives its nourishment from non living or decaying organic matter

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4
Q

fungi as infectious disease agent:

  • obligate or non obligate?
  • facultative?
A

obligate

facultative

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5
Q

2 modes of fungal pathogenecity

A

1- invasive ( surface - skin, gills, shell) (deeper - viscera, muscles, vessels)
2- toxic (mycotoxins) spoil feed. Liver and kidney necrosis, gill necrois, blood vessel damage

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6
Q

what is an important technique when diagnosing fungus?

A

Sterile techniques essential

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7
Q

main diagnosis methods for fungus

A

microscopy (saprolignia) (Ich) (trichmaris)

culture (antibiotic and baiting techniques)

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8
Q

2 types of baits for culture media

A

nutrient rich - hemp seed, salmon eggs, paste

nutrient poor - hair, insect wing, pollen

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9
Q

2 types of culture media, and why use them

A

solid: get thalli/hyphae only
fluid: get zoospore production

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10
Q

prevention and treatment of fungus

A
  • good husbandry
  • prophylactic or treatment bath (malachite green, formalin, hydrogen peroxide, salt or sea water dip, wescodyne, ova dine, pyceze)
  • no vaccines, dont need em
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11
Q

what is an oomycete

A

egg fungus

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12
Q

saprolegnia spp:

  • where do you find it
  • what does it look like
  • what does it affect
  • promoting factors
  • what sort of transmission
  • fish defences?
  • treatment/prevention
A
  • opportunistic fw worldwide
  • cotton like tufts, hyphae aseptate
  • primarily eggs, also gills, skin
  • sexual maturation, wounds, environmental stress, infection
  • horizontal
  • mucus
  • good husbandry, good flow rates
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13
Q

is saprolignia a fungus or a mold?

A

mold. protist.

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14
Q

what is special about Apanomyces astaci?

  • where is it found?
  • what is it known as?
  • what diagnosis technique is available?
A

OIE listed. CFIA ‘immediately notifiable’.

  • europe,japan
  • crayfish plague
  • PCR - (ONLY FUNGAL THING W PCR!)
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15
Q

what is the only fungal pathogen that has a PCR test?

A

Aphanomyces astaci - crayfish plague

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16
Q

phylum deuteromycetes = what?

A

secondary fungi, fungi imperfecti. PROTIST

17
Q

what phylum does ich belong to?

A

deuteromycetes

18
Q

what is ich’s full name?

A

Ichthyophanus baferi

19
Q

ICH:

  • where found
  • how is it acquired?
A
  • mostly marine, but also fw. cultured + wild

- ingestion of thick walled spores

20
Q

2 types of virility for ich

A

acute (lethal in 30 days)

chronic (lethal in ~ 6 months)

21
Q

how to prevent ich

A

avoid using dead fish as feed

22
Q

symptoms of ich

A

nodules in fillets, white spots on liver, heart

23
Q

Fusarium:

  • what animal does it affect?
  • what would you observe?
  • endemic?
  • found in what media?
A
  • lobsters, crab, some shrimp
  • ‘burn spot disease’ black gills, darkening skin
  • black gill disease local in shrimp
  • soil and water borne spores
24
Q

phylum Ascomycetes = what?

A

sac-fungi

25
Q

Trichomaris invadens:

  • what phylum
  • what animal does it affect
  • what type of pathogen
  • symptoms
A
  • asteromycetes
  • snow crab/tanner crabs
  • obligate fungal pathogen, septate hyphae
  • black spots on carapace or limbs.
26
Q

what is a main cause of fungal pathogens?

A

too wet, make it more dry. hatcheries work better with dry conditions.

27
Q

fungal pathogens more problematic for what type of animal?

A
  • shellfish over fish

- wild over farmed

28
Q

fungal presence implies what?

A

poor husbandry. often overlooked.

29
Q

Which aquatic fungal pathogen is OIE listed?
why is it listed?
is it a problem in BC?

A

Aphanomyces astaci - crayfish plague

  • rapid spread, asymptomatic
  • no, N.American spp more resistant.
30
Q

2 common treatments and 2 common prevention techniques for fungal pathogens

A 
Treatments:
- baths (formalin, malachite green, saltwater )
-Pyceze
Prevention:
-good husbandry
-elevated flow rates
31
Q

`what stage in the farming of salmon is most challenged by Saprolegnia infections and why? What other two pathogens are commonly found with saprolegnia infections?

A
  • eggs, non-motile, spores can easily attach (why you should elevate flow rates), no mucus glands yet
  • ?
32
Q

2 trends with aquatic fungal diseases

A
  • obligate (need a host)

- facultative (easy to culture)

33
Q

similarities among the diagnosis of fungal, bacterial,and viral pathology?

A

-culture media and micorscopy the best

34
Q

what are the differences among the diagnosis of fungal, baterial and viral pathogens?

A

viruses extremely difficult to use microscopy. pcr and flouro tests the best

FISH 241 (18 decks)

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