Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FISH 241 > mini quiz 2 > Flashcards

mini quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Why do fish and shellfish similar symptoms for pathogen and parasite invasions? (Theme)

A

They have ‘limited’ responses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Do not make a diagnosis on ____ _____ alone. (Theme)

A

visible symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the function of skin for salmonids?

A

protection, salt balance (osmoregulation), mucous cells, scales.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the functions of gills?

A

gas exchange, salt and acid balance, many blood vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ACTUALLY DO THIS:

quickly run through where organs are on a salmonid

A
  • nostril. -stomach
  • brain -liver
  • spinal cord -heart
  • swim bladder -kidney
  • dorsal fin -gills
  • adipose -intestine
  • caudal fin -gonad
  • anal fin -pelvic fin
  • lateral line -anus
  • urnary bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

function of a liver

A
  • process nutrients, bile production and blood filtering via network of blood vessels.
  • oil and fat storage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

function of a spleen

A

blood filtering, maintenance of immune system cells. (haematopoietic tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

function of stomach and intestine

A

digest and absorb nutrients, process wastes, large surface area, pyloric cecae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

function of the swimbladder

physoclistous vs physostomous

A
  • buoyancy
  • float w/o using energy
  • clis= closed. rete mirabla
  • stom= open. gulp air
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

rete mirabla

A

a dense network of vessels that allow gases to exchange from blood to air bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

functions of a kidney

A
  • urine production, salt balance
  • blood cell formation, hormones and blood filtering
  • head, mid and posterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hyper=
hypo=
iso=

A

per=more
po=less
iso=same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

marine fish are hypo/hyper?

fw fish are hypo/hyper?

A

M=HYPO (b/c h20=hyper) loss of h20

FW=HYPER (b/c h20 = hyper) gain of h20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

who gulps h20, who pees? Marine and FW fishes

A

M=gulps

FW=pees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

water always flows from hypo to hyper, or hyper to hypo

A

hypo to hyper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

LOOK AT A SHELLFISH. DO THIS NOW. NAME THE FOLLOWING THINGS WITH JER OR SOMEONE.

A
  • mouth -shell
  • mantle -hinge area
  • gut -coelom
  • heart -adductor muscle
  • anus -excurrent siphon
  • water flow -incurrent siphon
  • gill -mantle cavity
  • foot -palp
  • mouth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the oldest parts of a shellfish? what is this area called?

A

umbo and hinge. dorsal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What part of the shellfish is the anterior?

A

where the notch is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what sort of circulatory system does a shellfish have?

A

open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the gills used for on a shellfish?

A

feeding. not respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What organs contain hematopoietic tissue in fish?

A

spleen. LIVER? ASK JER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Compare and contrast the osmoregulatory challenges (and solutions) of a sablefish vs a white sturgeon.

A

Sable fish= Marine. Hypotonic. gulps water for H20, osmotic water loss from gills + body parts. excrete salt in urine, small pee amount.
Sturgeon= FW. Hypertonic. absorbs water thru osmoregulation. Pees often b/c of excess water. uptake of salt ions from gills.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Do shellfish have a back?

A

yup. Umbo/hinge area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the role of the head kidney? Posterior kidney?

A

FIND THESE ANSWERS. PROBABLY ON EXAM.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the role of blood?

A

probably O2 transport. see what others say

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Does a fish w 2 heads have a disease?

A

Possibly, or genetic, or development abnormality.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the role of each in shellfish?

  • adductor muscle
  • hinge
  • gills
  • siphons
A
  • AM=
  • Hinge= mobility of shell
  • gills= nutrition intake
  • siphons= water movement in/out of shellfish. DOUBLE CHECK THIS.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Define Stress

A
  • The response of an organism to maintain normal function as a result of some chemical or physical force.
  • This response often places a high demand (energetically) on the organism, resulting in a weakened state.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

4 sources of stress

A
  • water quality
  • culture procedures- bad husbandry
  • behavioral interactions and predators
  • parasites/pathogens
30
Q

optimal range for DO

A

9-10ml

31
Q

optimal range for pH

A

6.5-8.5

32
Q

optimal range for ammonia (NH3)

A

<0.02mg/L

33
Q

optimal range for Nitrate (NO3)

A

<1mg/L

34
Q

optimal range for Nitrite (NO2)

A

<1mg/L

35
Q

what is the max temp change (ideally) in a day?

A

2*C

36
Q

why is it critical to monitor ammonia levels?

A

can lead to brown blood disease

37
Q

what is a backyard remedy to reduce ammonia levels?

A

salt. it binds the ammonia particles

38
Q

best temperature for

  • salmon
  • oysters
  • scallops
A
  • s= 10-14
  • o= 15-20
  • sc= 10-11
39
Q 
hardness:
very soft
soft
hard
very hard
A

vs: 0-10mg/L
s: 10-100mg/L
h: 100-200
vh: >200

40
Q

TDS optimal range

A

total dissolved solids,

80-100ppm

41
Q

name some bad heavy minerals

name some good heavy minerals

A

Zn, Cu, Hg, Pb, (often toxic at lower pH)

Ca & Mg (if increase can reduce BKD)

42
Q

what are some sources of stress due to culture procedures and bad husbandry? 7

A
  • biosecurity & protocols
  • feeding mechanism (pt. source vs uniform spreaders)
  • stocking density (ATS vs CHK/COH vs RBT)
  • spp. differences (agressiveness, maturity)
  • auto feeders (not ideal, video monitoring)
  • lesions
  • HABS
43
Q

how can fish develop lesions (marine)?

A
  • jellies
  • lampreys
  • collapsed net
  • sunburn
  • shallow net
44
Q

what causes more salmon casualties than anything else at farm sites? from what? how?

A

HABS
chaetocerous
oxygen dead spike

45
Q

3 factors for sources of stress in regards to Behavioral Interactions

A
  • Aggregate or solitary culture species
  • size grading
  • sexual maturation
46
Q

why can parasites and pathogens cause stress? (3)

A
  • infection consumes energy
  • some fish do not feed when sick
  • some path/para are immunosuppresive
47
Q

how does cortisol production due to stress affect a fish?

A
  • impares the immune system function

- uses considerable energy (flight response)

48
Q

4 categories of stress mitigation

A
  • Avoidance (husbandry, feed quality, site selection, etc)
  • Anaesthetics
  • Vaccines, immunostimulants
  • broodstock management (resistant strains)
49
Q

2 types of response types for immunity

A
  • non-specific (not related to identity of ‘invader’, innate
  • specific (adaptive)- (depends upon recognition of ‘invader’)(may be based upon prior exposure; results in an ADAPTIVE CHANGE)
50
Q

do the 2 response types work separately or together?

A

together

51
Q

Name the three origins of immunity

A

1) innate (natural) immunity. born w it. genetic component
2) aquired immunity. develop resistance after exposure
3) artificial immunity. induced by vaccines, immunostimulants

52
Q

three (general idea) basic components of immunity:

A

1) Physical/Mechanical/Chemical Barriers (mostly NON-SPECIFIC components)PREVENT ENTRY
2) internal defences (rapid, NON-SPECIFIC components)PREVENT SPREAD
3) specific (adaptive) immunity components. (slower initially)PREVENT SPREAD, ELIMINATE &PROTECT

53
Q

name some of the soldiers of INTERNAL DEFENCES

A
  • lysozymes
  • growth & enzyme inhibitors
  • thrombocytes (blood clotting)
  • lectins (agglutin)
  • inflammatory response
54
Q

name some soldiers of PHYSICAL/MECHANICAL/CHEMICAL BARRIERS

A
  • skin
  • mucus
  • lysozymes
  • behavior, natural fauna
55
Q

name some of the soldiers of SPECIFIC (ADAPTIVE) IMMUNITY COMPONENTS ((SLOWER INITIALLY))

A
  • lymphocytes: (b- and t-) control/coordinate cellular components of the immune system
  • humoral response: (cell product) immonoglobulins. bind to a specific part of an invader
  • phagocytic cells: macrophage, neutrophils, surround and destroy.
56
Q

what is a cytokines?

A

a cell messanger

57
Q

antigen binding site

A

thats how it recognizes the antigen. specific shapes for specific pathogens. 3 different antibodies for 3 different shapes.

58
Q

name the four responses for antibody-triggering

A
  • antibodies flag all foreign particles. VIRAL NEURTRALIZATION
  • AGGLUTINIZATION OF ANTIGEN-BEARING PARTICLES. (congregate the bacteria)
  • PRECIPITATION
  • CELL DESTRUCTION
59
Q

4 types of vaccines

A
  • LIVE/ATTENUATED:
  • BACTERINS/VIRINS
  • SUBUNIT: culture pathogen
  • DNA
60
Q

3 forms of vaccine administration

A
  • immersion/bath: most common, moderate stress, fast, labor intensive
  • injection: most effective, most stressful, v. labor intensive,
  • oral: lowest protection, least stressful, min. labor, best as a boost or 2ndary vaccination.
61
Q

Adjuvant defn

A

substances included in vaccines to enhance the recipient’s immune response to a supplied antigen.

62
Q

Injection vaccination checklist: preparation

A
  • fish health check
  • grading
  • reduce water temp
  • vaccine check
  • no feed 48 hours
  • all required equipment
63
Q

injection vaccination checklist: injecting

A
  • anaesthetic use
  • minimal time
  • emphasize good technique
  • good environment for injectors
  • regular check of guns and needles
  • check fish for proper delivery
64
Q

injection vaccination checklist: post vaccination

A

-no feed 48 hours

65
Q

Lymphocytes

A

white blood cell. adaptive immune system. T- and B- cells

66
Q

melanization

A

clotting

67
Q

nacreazation

A

pearl formation in bivalves

68
Q

immunoglobulins

A

antibody. A protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria or viruses. recognizes antigens.

69
Q

lysozymes

A

damage bacterial walls by hydrolosos. in mucus.

70
Q

macrophages

A

is a phagocyte, non-specific immune defense (innate immunity), as well as adaptive immunity. engulf and digest pathogens and cellular debris.

71
Q

IgM

A

immunoglobulin-M. basic antibody that is produced by B-cells. usually one of the first to show up.

72
Q

Mucus

A

prevent entry. a physical barrier for immunity. contains lysozymes

FISH 241 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions