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FISH 241 > Chapter 9 - parasitic protozoan diseases > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - parasitic protozoan diseases Flashcards

1
Q

features of a protist

A
  • eukaryotic, single celled (most), colonial or mutilcellular
  • partly classified via cilia, flagella, psudopodia
  • many ectoparasitic, direct life cycle, reproduce by binary fission
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2
Q

features of a protist

A
  • eukaryotic, single celled (most), colonial or mutilcellular
  • partly classified via cilia, flagella, psudopodia
  • many ectoparasitic, direct life cycle, reproduce by binary fission
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3
Q

what is the most common life cycle for protists?

A

direct life cycle

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4
Q

what is the most common form of reproduction for protists?

A

binary fission

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5
Q

phylum ciliophora: what does this phylum represent?

A

‘hair bearing’ protists.

-cilia on pellicle, two nuclei (micro, macro), cytostome, sexual and asexual reproduction

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6
Q

Ich - Ichthyophtirius multifiliis

-symptoms

A

small, grey-white spots on skin and gills, fish at surface, ‘flash’, listless, large protozoans (~1mm)

fw (sw sp. I.marinus, Cryptocaryon irritans)

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7
Q

ich treatment

A

formalin, salt + other chemicals ie garlic

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8
Q

ich pathology

A

TROPHOZOITE (adult parasites) feed on skin and gill epithelia; ulcers and secondary bacterial infection/mucus/renomegaly, splenomegaly

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9
Q

why are ectoparasites related to enlarged kidneys?

A

common trait. osmoregulation impared, kidney going into overdrive to combat this.

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10
Q

what is the most common life cycle for protists?

A

direct life cycle

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11
Q

what is the most common form of reproduction for protists?

A

binary fission

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12
Q

phylum ciliophora: what does this phylum represent?

A

‘hair bearing’ protists.

-cilia on pellicle, two nuclei (micro, macro), cytostome, sexual and asexual reproduction

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13
Q

Ich - Ichthyophtirius multifiliis

-symptoms

A

small, grey-white spots on skin and gills, fish at surface, ‘flash’, listless, large protozoans (~1mm)

fw (sw sp. I.marinus, Cryptocaryon irritans)

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14
Q

ich treatment

A

formalin, salt + other chemicals ie garlic

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15
Q

ich pathology

A

TROPHOZOITE (adult parasites) feed on skin and gill epithelia; ulcers and secondary bacterial infection/mucus/renomegaly, splenomegaly

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16
Q

why are ectoparasites related to enlarged kidneys?

A

common trait. osmoregulation impared, kidney going into overdrive to combat this.

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17
Q

Trichodiniosis.

  • common among which sort of fish?
  • symptoms
A

fw/sw, mostly commensals.
attach to skin and gills, problem when fish are stressed.
-frayed gills, eroded fins, blue slime on body

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18
Q

name three types of trichodiniosis

A

T. truttae; salmonid hatcheries
T. cooperi; cod
T. hippoglossi; halibut

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19
Q

how do you treat trichodiniosis

A

formalin or 1% salt baths

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20
Q

Cryptobiosis - symptoms?

A

anaemia, exophthalmia, splenomegaly, dropsy (swollen abdomen), skin ulcers

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21
Q

cryptobiosis - endo or ecto parasite?

A

endoparasitic

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22
Q

Cryptobiosis - indirect or direct life cycle?

A

indirect via leeches

direct via wound

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23
Q

Cryptobiosis - diagnosis

A

wet-mounts, ELISA, blood smear

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24
Q

Cryptobiosis - prevention

A

raise temp to 20*C, control leeches (chlorine)

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25
Q

Cryptobiosis - what kind of parasite?

A

hemoflagelate (parasitic of the blood)

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26
Q

Costiosis - whats the latin name?

A

Ichthyobodo necator

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27
Q

Cryptobiosis - latin name?

A

Cryptobia salmositica

28
Q

Renomaglia

A

enlargement of the kidney

29
Q

Dropsy

A

swollen abdomen

30
Q

where do you find Costiosis?

A

global. fw/sw

31
Q

what life cycle for Costiosis?

A

direct life cycle

32
Q

Costiosis;

  • diagnosis
  • symptoms
  • treatment
A
  • skin smear wet mount, spiral swimming via flagella
  • flashing, dark pigmentation, weight loss, lethargic, swim at surface, increased mucus
  • formalin (Parasite-S)
33
Q

Amoebic gill disease (AGD)

-2 species types

A

Neoparamoeba

Paramoeba

34
Q

AGD (amoebic gill disease)

  • diagnosis
  • symptoms
  • treatment
A

D: gill smear wet mount histology
S: increased mucus (gills), white lesions, lethargic, swim at surface
T: freshwater bath, H2O2 (limitations), IMMUNOSTIMULANTS

35
Q

Invertebrate diseases:

name 2 and the type of animal they affect

A

paramoeba; grey crab, urchin

hematodinium; bitter crab disease. 100%mortalities

36
Q

Phylum Microspora:

  • intracellular
  • how do they transmit?
  • what is their injection apparatus called?
A
  • oral transmission

- POLAR TUBE

37
Q

Phylum MIcrospora:

name the two type of life cycles, and the names unique to this phylum

A
  • DIrect: MEROGONY; produces more parasites (clones)

- SPOROGONY: produces spores

38
Q

Microsporidiosis in fish:

name 3 spp

A

Loma salmonae
Loma branchialis
Glugea staphani

39
Q

What is the new phylum proposal for phylum myxozoa?

A

cnidaria.

40
Q

common name for phylum myxozoa

A

‘puzzling animals’

41
Q

what are the 2 serious type of myxozoan diseases?

A

WHIRLING DISEASE: Myxobolus (Kudoa)

Proliferative kidney disease (PKD)

42
Q

what are the three phases in most myxozoan life cycles?

A

Trophozite (amoeba-like)
Myxospores
Triactinomyxon

43
Q

what is the latin name for whirling disease?

A

Myxobolus cerebralis

44
Q

FHPR stand for what?

A

Fish Health Protection Regulations

45
Q

Whirling disease is reportable to whom?

A

FHPR

46
Q

is whirling disease in canada?

A

probably. not officially.

47
Q

diagnosis of whirling disease

A

fish ‘whirl’, dark pigmentation scoliosis

48
Q

prevention/control of whirling disease

A

destroy infected fish, examine (quarantine) imported fish, spring fed water, uv light, mud free sites, high flow rates

49
Q

what important test does whirling disease have?

A

a PCR test

50
Q

what is the flesh-disorder latin name?

A

Kudoa thyrsites (s/w)

51
Q

what fish spp is very suseptible to Kudoa?

A

ATL

52
Q

what is the unique diagnostic for kudoa?

A

post harvest LIQUEFACTION

53
Q

how do you control kudoa?

A

screening, experimental vaccine

54
Q

Kudoa is characterized by what?

A

4 valves and 4 polar capsules

55
Q

what does PKD stand for?

A

Proliferative Kidney Disease

56
Q

what are the symptoms/diagnosis for PKD

A

weak, dark colour, anemia, dropsy, exophthalmia, lesions, gray kidneys (kidney smear on slides)

57
Q

PKD:

prevention/control

A

destroy infected fish, lower temperature

58
Q

Certomyxa life cycle invades what of salmon?

A

digestive system and viscera of salmon

59
Q

what spp is most resistant, what spp is most susceptable for Ceratomyxa?

A

Sockeye most resistant

RBT most susceptible

60
Q

Kidney Tubule Disease.

-concurrent infections with what two type of diseases?

A

vibrio and renibacterium

61
Q

Diagnostic of Kidney Tubule Disease

A

fish are dark, lethargic, ronmegaly, histology, antibody-stains

62
Q

Protozoan parasites are problems when ________ ________ _______ is upset

A

host parasite balance

63
Q

____parasites often cause osmoregulatory problems

A

Ectoparasites

64
Q

_____parasites much pathology

A

Endoparasites

65
Q

________fish most susceptible

A

larvae/juvenile

66
Q

__________= processing problem, not production

A

kudoa

67
Q

parasite screening protocols should be routine component of fish husbandry.

what two factors are true to this statement? (ok, worded improperly. i know)

A
  • health assessment

- early warning predictors

FISH 241 (18 decks)

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