Chapter 9 - parasitic protozoan diseases Flashcards
features of a protist
- eukaryotic, single celled (most), colonial or mutilcellular
- partly classified via cilia, flagella, psudopodia
- many ectoparasitic, direct life cycle, reproduce by binary fission
features of a protist
- eukaryotic, single celled (most), colonial or mutilcellular
- partly classified via cilia, flagella, psudopodia
- many ectoparasitic, direct life cycle, reproduce by binary fission
what is the most common life cycle for protists?
direct life cycle
what is the most common form of reproduction for protists?
binary fission
phylum ciliophora: what does this phylum represent?
‘hair bearing’ protists.
-cilia on pellicle, two nuclei (micro, macro), cytostome, sexual and asexual reproduction
Ich - Ichthyophtirius multifiliis
-symptoms
small, grey-white spots on skin and gills, fish at surface, ‘flash’, listless, large protozoans (~1mm)
fw (sw sp. I.marinus, Cryptocaryon irritans)
ich treatment
formalin, salt + other chemicals ie garlic
ich pathology
TROPHOZOITE (adult parasites) feed on skin and gill epithelia; ulcers and secondary bacterial infection/mucus/renomegaly, splenomegaly
why are ectoparasites related to enlarged kidneys?
common trait. osmoregulation impared, kidney going into overdrive to combat this.
what is the most common life cycle for protists?
direct life cycle
what is the most common form of reproduction for protists?
binary fission
phylum ciliophora: what does this phylum represent?
‘hair bearing’ protists.
-cilia on pellicle, two nuclei (micro, macro), cytostome, sexual and asexual reproduction
Ich - Ichthyophtirius multifiliis
-symptoms
small, grey-white spots on skin and gills, fish at surface, ‘flash’, listless, large protozoans (~1mm)
fw (sw sp. I.marinus, Cryptocaryon irritans)
ich treatment
formalin, salt + other chemicals ie garlic
ich pathology
TROPHOZOITE (adult parasites) feed on skin and gill epithelia; ulcers and secondary bacterial infection/mucus/renomegaly, splenomegaly
why are ectoparasites related to enlarged kidneys?
common trait. osmoregulation impared, kidney going into overdrive to combat this.
Trichodiniosis.
- common among which sort of fish?
- symptoms
fw/sw, mostly commensals.
attach to skin and gills, problem when fish are stressed.
-frayed gills, eroded fins, blue slime on body
name three types of trichodiniosis
T. truttae; salmonid hatcheries
T. cooperi; cod
T. hippoglossi; halibut
how do you treat trichodiniosis
formalin or 1% salt baths
Cryptobiosis - symptoms?
anaemia, exophthalmia, splenomegaly, dropsy (swollen abdomen), skin ulcers
cryptobiosis - endo or ecto parasite?
endoparasitic
Cryptobiosis - indirect or direct life cycle?
indirect via leeches
direct via wound
Cryptobiosis - diagnosis
wet-mounts, ELISA, blood smear
Cryptobiosis - prevention
raise temp to 20*C, control leeches (chlorine)
Cryptobiosis - what kind of parasite?
hemoflagelate (parasitic of the blood)
Costiosis - whats the latin name?
Ichthyobodo necator
Cryptobiosis - latin name?
Cryptobia salmositica
Renomaglia
enlargement of the kidney
Dropsy
swollen abdomen
where do you find Costiosis?
global. fw/sw
what life cycle for Costiosis?
direct life cycle
Costiosis;
- diagnosis
- symptoms
- treatment
- skin smear wet mount, spiral swimming via flagella
- flashing, dark pigmentation, weight loss, lethargic, swim at surface, increased mucus
- formalin (Parasite-S)
Amoebic gill disease (AGD)
-2 species types
Neoparamoeba
Paramoeba
AGD (amoebic gill disease)
- diagnosis
- symptoms
- treatment
D: gill smear wet mount histology
S: increased mucus (gills), white lesions, lethargic, swim at surface
T: freshwater bath, H2O2 (limitations), IMMUNOSTIMULANTS
Invertebrate diseases:
name 2 and the type of animal they affect
paramoeba; grey crab, urchin
hematodinium; bitter crab disease. 100%mortalities
Phylum Microspora:
- intracellular
- how do they transmit?
- what is their injection apparatus called?
- oral transmission
- POLAR TUBE
Phylum MIcrospora:
name the two type of life cycles, and the names unique to this phylum
- DIrect: MEROGONY; produces more parasites (clones)
- SPOROGONY: produces spores
Microsporidiosis in fish:
name 3 spp
Loma salmonae
Loma branchialis
Glugea staphani
What is the new phylum proposal for phylum myxozoa?
cnidaria.
common name for phylum myxozoa
‘puzzling animals’
what are the 2 serious type of myxozoan diseases?
WHIRLING DISEASE: Myxobolus (Kudoa)
Proliferative kidney disease (PKD)
what are the three phases in most myxozoan life cycles?
Trophozite (amoeba-like)
Myxospores
Triactinomyxon
what is the latin name for whirling disease?
Myxobolus cerebralis
FHPR stand for what?
Fish Health Protection Regulations
Whirling disease is reportable to whom?
FHPR
is whirling disease in canada?
probably. not officially.
diagnosis of whirling disease
fish ‘whirl’, dark pigmentation scoliosis
prevention/control of whirling disease
destroy infected fish, examine (quarantine) imported fish, spring fed water, uv light, mud free sites, high flow rates
what important test does whirling disease have?
a PCR test
what is the flesh-disorder latin name?
Kudoa thyrsites (s/w)
what fish spp is very suseptible to Kudoa?
ATL
what is the unique diagnostic for kudoa?
post harvest LIQUEFACTION
how do you control kudoa?
screening, experimental vaccine
Kudoa is characterized by what?
4 valves and 4 polar capsules
what does PKD stand for?
Proliferative Kidney Disease
what are the symptoms/diagnosis for PKD
weak, dark colour, anemia, dropsy, exophthalmia, lesions, gray kidneys (kidney smear on slides)
PKD:
prevention/control
destroy infected fish, lower temperature
Certomyxa life cycle invades what of salmon?
digestive system and viscera of salmon
what spp is most resistant, what spp is most susceptable for Ceratomyxa?
Sockeye most resistant
RBT most susceptible
Kidney Tubule Disease.
-concurrent infections with what two type of diseases?
vibrio and renibacterium
Diagnostic of Kidney Tubule Disease
fish are dark, lethargic, ronmegaly, histology, antibody-stains
Protozoan parasites are problems when ________ ________ _______ is upset
host parasite balance
____parasites often cause osmoregulatory problems
Ectoparasites
_____parasites much pathology
Endoparasites
________fish most susceptible
larvae/juvenile
__________= processing problem, not production
kudoa
parasite screening protocols should be routine component of fish husbandry.
what two factors are true to this statement? (ok, worded improperly. i know)
- health assessment
- early warning predictors
