Protistans Flashcards
four phyla of animal protists
Phylum Euglenozoa, Phylum Apicomplexa, Phylum Ciliophora, Phylum Amoebozoa
protist’s level of organization
unicellular
what do organelles function as
skeletons, locomotion systems, sensory systems, defense mechanisms, contractile systems
where are protists found
-fresh, marine, and brackish water
-moist soils worldwide
how do protists eat
either primarily autotrophic or primarily heterotrophic
protist reproduction
all protists can reproduce asexually, but only a few can reproduce sexually
Euglena phylum
Euglenozoa
what supergroup do euglenoids make up
Excravata
do euglenoids reproduce sexually or asexually?
asexually by binary fission
are euglenoids heterotrophic or autotrophic?
some heterotrophic, some parasitic, some autotrophic
characteristics of Excravata
-“excavated” feeding groove running along one side of the cell body
-unicellular
-motile
-flagellates
-reproduce asexually by binary fission
-some heterotrophic, some parasytic, some photosynthetic
special characteristics of Euglena
-anterior pocket with 1-2 flagella extending from the anterior end
-stigma near the base o the flagellum
-large nucleus and large chloroplasts
Trypanosoma phylum
Euglenozoa
kinetoplast
a mass of mitochondrial DNA lying close to the nucleus
Trypanosoma organelles
single large mitochondrion, single flagellum (forms undulating membrane), kinetoplast
Trypanosoma characteristics
-single large mitochondrion containing kinetoplast
-human pathogens
-single flagellum which forms the undulating membrane
-flagellum begins at the kinetosome (next to the kinetoplast)
is the Trypanosoma a heterotroph or autotroph?
heterotroph
is Trypanosoma larger or smaller than a human red blood cell?
smaller
does Trypanosoma posess chloroplasts?
yes
Plasmodium phylum
Apicomplexa
Apicomplexa characteristics
-unicellular parasites
-have an apical complex of organelles that they use to penetrate the host’s cell
is the Plasmodium a heterotroph or autotroph?
heterotroph
who is the Plasmodium’s intermediate host?
mosquito
who is the Plasmodium’s final host?
humans
what diseases can Plasmodium cause?
malaria
Paramecium phylum
Ciliophora
what are cilia used for in ciliates?
locomotion and feeding
where do ciliates live?
freshwater
what types of nuclei do ciliates have?
micronuclei and macronuclei
are ciliates heterotrophs or autotrophs?
heterotrophs
ciliates characteristics
-unicellular heterotrophs
-use cilia for locomotion and feeding
-two types of nuclei: micronuclei and macronuclei
-live in freshwater
how do ciliates reproduce?
conjunction
are Parameciums heterotrophs or autotrophs?
heterotrophs
What is the function of binary fission?
asexual reproduction
what is the function of conjunction?
greater genetic diversity
Vorticella phylum
Ciliophora
Vorticella
-solitary sessile, stalked ciliate found in stagnate freshwater ponds
-remains attached to aquatic vegetation by an contractile stalk
-possesses a funnel-shaped cell body with a ring of cilia around the peristome
what does a contractile stalk do
attaches Vorticella to aquatic vegetation
how does Vorticella eat
cilia beat rapidly to create a water current that pulls food through the peristome, into the cytosome, which passes the food into the buccal cavity for digestion
Stentor phylum
Ciliophora
Stentor characteristics
-similar to Vorticella
-macronuclei are stretched out like a string of beads
Amoeba phylum
Amoebozoa
where do amoebas live
freshwater ponds and slow-moving streams
pseudopodia
cytoplasmic extensions used for feeding and locomotion in an amoeba
how do amoebas reproduce
binary fission
Foraminiferan phylum
Amoebozoa
what is a Foraminiferan
marine amoeba that secretes a calcarous test
test
protective shell built by amoebas
what is a radiolarian
marine amoebas that produce a silica test
similarities between Foraminiferans and Radiolarians
both have pseudopodia that extend through tiny pores in the test
-when they die, tests drop to the bottom of the ocean and fossilize in limestone and chalk beds
