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Zoology > Protistans > Flashcards

Protistans Flashcards

1
Q

four phyla of animal protists

A

Phylum Euglenozoa, Phylum Apicomplexa, Phylum Ciliophora, Phylum Amoebozoa

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2
Q

protist’s level of organization

A

unicellular

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3
Q

what do organelles function as

A

skeletons, locomotion systems, sensory systems, defense mechanisms, contractile systems

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4
Q

where are protists found

A

-fresh, marine, and brackish water
-moist soils worldwide

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5
Q

how do protists eat

A

either primarily autotrophic or primarily heterotrophic

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6
Q

protist reproduction

A

all protists can reproduce asexually, but only a few can reproduce sexually

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7
Q

Euglena phylum

A

Euglenozoa

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8
Q

what supergroup do euglenoids make up

A

Excravata

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9
Q

do euglenoids reproduce sexually or asexually?

A

asexually by binary fission

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10
Q

are euglenoids heterotrophic or autotrophic?

A

some heterotrophic, some parasitic, some autotrophic

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11
Q

characteristics of Excravata

A

-“excavated” feeding groove running along one side of the cell body
-unicellular
-motile
-flagellates
-reproduce asexually by binary fission
-some heterotrophic, some parasytic, some photosynthetic

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12
Q

special characteristics of Euglena

A

-anterior pocket with 1-2 flagella extending from the anterior end
-stigma near the base o the flagellum
-large nucleus and large chloroplasts

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13
Q

Trypanosoma phylum

A

Euglenozoa

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14
Q

kinetoplast

A

a mass of mitochondrial DNA lying close to the nucleus

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15
Q

Trypanosoma organelles

A

single large mitochondrion, single flagellum (forms undulating membrane), kinetoplast

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16
Q

Trypanosoma characteristics

A

-single large mitochondrion containing kinetoplast
-human pathogens
-single flagellum which forms the undulating membrane
-flagellum begins at the kinetosome (next to the kinetoplast)

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17
Q

is the Trypanosoma a heterotroph or autotroph?

A

heterotroph

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18
Q

is Trypanosoma larger or smaller than a human red blood cell?

A

smaller

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19
Q

does Trypanosoma posess chloroplasts?

A

yes

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20
Q

Plasmodium phylum

A

Apicomplexa

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21
Q

Apicomplexa characteristics

A

-unicellular parasites
-have an apical complex of organelles that they use to penetrate the host’s cell

22
Q

is the Plasmodium a heterotroph or autotroph?

A

heterotroph

23
Q

who is the Plasmodium’s intermediate host?

A

mosquito

24
Q

who is the Plasmodium’s final host?

A

humans

25
Q

what diseases can Plasmodium cause?

A

malaria

26
Q

Paramecium phylum

A

Ciliophora

27
Q

what are cilia used for in ciliates?

A

locomotion and feeding

28
Q

where do ciliates live?

A

freshwater

29
Q

what types of nuclei do ciliates have?

A

micronuclei and macronuclei

30
Q

are ciliates heterotrophs or autotrophs?

A

heterotrophs

31
Q

ciliates characteristics

A

-unicellular heterotrophs
-use cilia for locomotion and feeding
-two types of nuclei: micronuclei and macronuclei
-live in freshwater

32
Q

how do ciliates reproduce?

A

conjunction

33
Q

are Parameciums heterotrophs or autotrophs?

A

heterotrophs

34
Q

What is the function of binary fission?

A

asexual reproduction

35
Q

what is the function of conjunction?

A

greater genetic diversity

36
Q

Vorticella phylum

A

Ciliophora

37
Q

Vorticella

A

-solitary sessile, stalked ciliate found in stagnate freshwater ponds
-remains attached to aquatic vegetation by an contractile stalk
-possesses a funnel-shaped cell body with a ring of cilia around the peristome

38
Q

what does a contractile stalk do

A

attaches Vorticella to aquatic vegetation

39
Q

how does Vorticella eat

A

cilia beat rapidly to create a water current that pulls food through the peristome, into the cytosome, which passes the food into the buccal cavity for digestion

40
Q

Stentor phylum

A

Ciliophora

41
Q

Stentor characteristics

A

-similar to Vorticella
-macronuclei are stretched out like a string of beads

42
Q

Amoeba phylum

A

Amoebozoa

43
Q

where do amoebas live

A

freshwater ponds and slow-moving streams

44
Q

pseudopodia

A

cytoplasmic extensions used for feeding and locomotion in an amoeba

45
Q

how do amoebas reproduce

A

binary fission

46
Q

Foraminiferan phylum

A

Amoebozoa

47
Q

what is a Foraminiferan

A

marine amoeba that secretes a calcarous test

48
Q

test

A

protective shell built by amoebas

49
Q

what is a radiolarian

A

marine amoebas that produce a silica test

50
Q

similarities between Foraminiferans and Radiolarians

A

both have pseudopodia that extend through tiny pores in the test
-when they die, tests drop to the bottom of the ocean and fossilize in limestone and chalk beds

Zoology (11 decks)

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