Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Zoology > Lab Exam 1 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

dorsal

A

the upper surface or the back of the animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ventral

A

the lower surface or the belly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

anterior

A

towards the head end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

posterior

A

towards the tail end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline of the body (sides of body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

medial

A

towards the midline of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

right

A

right side of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

left

A

left side of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

distal

A

away from the point of attachment of the structure on the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

proximal

A

towards the point of attachment of the structure on the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

superficial

A

towards the body surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

deep

A

away from the body surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

asymmetry

A

lack of symmetry; the arrangement of body parts without a central point or axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

radial symmetry

A

the arrangement of body parts such that any plant (many planes) passing through the oral-aboral axis divides the animal into mirrored images

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bilateral symmetry

A

the arrangement of body parts such that a single plane passing through the longitudinal axis divides the animal into right and left mirrored images

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

frontal plane

A

a section or plane perpendicular to both the sagittal and transverse planes. divides the animal into dorsal and ventral regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sagittal plane

A

a section or plane passing through the longitudinal axis of a bilateral animal. divides the animal into right and left mirrored halves or images

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

transverse plane

A

a section or plane perpendicular to both the sagittal and frontal planes. divides the body into anterior and posterior regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

which glove type should be used for dissection?

A

nitrile gloves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

why can’t i stick my teasing needle in the wax bottom of the dissection tray?

A

it dulls them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

if i can’t stand the smell, what should i do?

A

rub the vaporub thing on your upper lip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is our motto?

A

read twice, cut once

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

asymmetry organism examples

A

coral, amoeba, sponge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

radial symmetry examples

A

hydra, starfish, octopus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

bilateral symmetry examples

A

cat, human, dog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the cell theory

A
  1. all organisms are composed of cells
  2. cells are the basic unit of life
  3. all cells arise only from the division of preexisting cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

tissue

A

a group of cells working together for a specific function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

4 primary tissue types

A
  1. epithelial tissue
  2. connective tissue
  3. muscular tissue
  4. nervous tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

epithelial tissue

A

covers the free surfaces of the body, lines body cavities and ducts, make up the glands of the body, and protects the body from foreign invaders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

connective tissue

A

supports the body and connects structures together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

muscular tissue

A

has the ability to contract and allow for movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

nervous tissue

A

has the unique ability to initiate and transmit information (electrical signals) that coordinate all the body activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

epithelial tissue layer types

A
  1. simple epithelium
  2. stratified epithelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

cell shapes of epithelial tissue

A
  1. squamous
  2. cuboidal
  3. columnar
  4. transitional
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

squamous epithelial tissue

A

flat top to bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

cuboidal epithelial cells

A

square in shape with a center nucleus and appear cube-like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

columnar epithelial cells

A

rectangular with the nucleus towards the bottom of the cell and appear column-like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

transitional epithelial cells

A

change their shape and thus can appear either flat, round, or rectangular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

purpose of connective tissue

A
  1. fill the spaces within the body
  2. bind organs together
  3. hold organs in place
  4. support body structures
  5. store nutrients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

key feature of connective tissues

A

cells are surrounded by an extracellular matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

extracellular matrix

A

filled with ground substance and various protein structures that allows each tissue their specific functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

types of connective tissue

A
  1. loose connective tissue
  2. dense connective tissue
  3. cartilage
  4. bone tissue
  5. vascular tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

types of muscle tissue

A
  1. skeletal muscle tissue
  2. cardiac muscle tissue
  3. smooth muscle tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

types of nervous tissue

A
  1. neurons
  2. neuroglia cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

simple epithelium

A

a single, thin layer of cells that is specialized for secretion, absorption, or filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

stratified epithelium

A

consists of several layers of cells and is found in areas of the body that need protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

squamous cells

A

flat top to bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

cuboidal cells

A

square in shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

loose connective tissue

A

-has relatively more cells and fewer fibers (protein structures) in its matrix
-examples: areolar tissue, adipose tissue

50
Q

areolar tissue

A

-type of loose connective tissue
-functions to hold other tissues together

51
Q

adipose tissue

A

-type of loose connective tissue
-functions to protect and cushion the body

52
Q

dense connective tissue

A

relatively fewer cells but an abundance of protein fibers (collagen) in its matrix
-examples: ligaments

53
Q

cartilage

A

even more densely packed than dense connective tissue but not as hard as bone and therefore more flexible than bone

54
Q

types of cartilage

A
  1. hyaline cartilage
  2. elastic cartilage
55
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

has a large amount of collagen in its matrix that provides strong but flexible support

56
Q

elastic cartilage

A

has an abundance of the protein fiber elastin which provides elasticity
-example: elastic cartilage that forms ear lobes

57
Q

bone tissue

A

-bone cells sitting in cavities called lacuna, surrounded by concentric layers of very hard matrix
-matrix is composed of calcium salts and collagen fibers

58
Q

vascular tissue

A

-blood
-comprised of blood cells (red and white blood cells) and a liquid matrix called plasma

59
Q

muscle tissue

A

highly specialized to contract and produce movement of the body

60
Q

skeletal muscle

A

-long and cylindrical
-each cell has multiple nuclei and clear striations

61
Q

striations

A

stripes that run perpendicular to the length of the cells

62
Q

cardiac muscle cells

A

relatively short and branched and are striated like skeletal muscle

63
Q

smooth muscle cells

A

shaped like a spindle, having only one nucleus and no striations

64
Q

neurons

A

conduct electrical signals

65
Q

neuroglia cells

A

support cells of the nervous system

66
Q

taxonomy

A

the science of classification and nomenclature

67
Q

systematics

A

the determination of evolutionary relationships among organisms

68
Q

carolus linnaeus

A

set out to name and classify every living thing on the planet
-formalized the hierarchal classification system of organisms based on their shared homologous structures and a two-part format for a scientific name

69
Q

domains

A

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

70
Q

what is the unifying theme that connects all concepts of biology?

A

evolution

71
Q

the process of categorizing living organisms into taxa based on their common characteristics is

A

classification

72
Q

a category or level of the classification system is known as a

A

taxon

73
Q

closely related genera are considered members of the same family

A

family

74
Q

organisms that can produce fertile offspring are usually members of the same

A

species

75
Q

closely related kingdoms are considered members of the same

A

domain

76
Q

closely related phyla are considered members of the same

A

kingdom

77
Q

closely related families are considered members of the same

A

order

78
Q

closely related classes are considered members of the same

A

phylum

79
Q

closely related orders are considered members of the same

A

class

80
Q

the taxon between the groups phyla and class is known as the

A

subphylum

81
Q

monophyletic tree

A

a group of organisms that contains all the descendants of a particular ancestor and no other organisms

82
Q

paraphyletic tree

A

a tree that contains some but not all of the descendants of a particular ancestor

83
Q

polyphyletic tree

A

a tree that requires the group to have at least two seperate evolutionary ancestors, and usually occurs due to coevolution (such as the wings of bats, birds, and insects)

84
Q

first point of natural selection

A

variations in form and behavior (traits) do occur between members of the same species or populations

85
Q

second point of natural selection

A

these variations in each individual are inheritable from one generation to the next

86
Q

third point of natural selection

A

due to these variations, there is competition for survival and reproduction, between individuals of the same species

87
Q

fourth point of natural selection

A

the traits with variations that are more adaptable in the environment will enhance the survival and reproduction of those individuals that have them and thus decrease the survivability and reproduction of those individuals without those variations.
-this means that each individual has different survival and reproductive success based on their inheritable traits or variations

88
Q

mechanisms that can change the genetics of populations

A

natural selection, mutations, genetic drift, sexual selection, geneflow, etc

89
Q

the main mechanism of evolution is …

A

natural selection

90
Q

natural selection

A

the theory that individuals with the most adaptable variations of traits will survive better and reproduce more reproducing offspring than other individuals of the population

91
Q

fitness

A

reproductive success

92
Q

dominant alleles

A

masks the effects on the the phenotype of the other recessive allele

93
Q

genotype

A

both alleles of a single gene

94
Q

protists

A

unicellular eukaryotes

95
Q

euglenoids are

A

unicellular, motile flagellates that reproduce asexually by binary fission

96
Q

typanosoma are

A

unicellular, parasitic flagellates characterized by a single, large mitochondrion containing kinetoplast

97
Q

are trypanosomes heterotrops or autotrophs?

A

heterotrophs

98
Q

does Trypanosoma possess chloroplasts?

A

no

99
Q

Apicomplexa are

A

unicellular parasites characterized by an apical complex of organelles that they use to penetrate the host’s cell

100
Q

what do Apicomplexans do?

A

infect nearly every major animal group on this planet, from simple invertebrates to humans

101
Q

intermediate host of Apicomplexans

A

mosquito

102
Q

final host of Apicomplexans

A

humans

103
Q

what diseases can Apicomplexans cause?

A

malaria

104
Q

paramecium are

A

a large group of unicellular heterotrophs that possess cilia for locomotion and feeding, and have two types of nuclei: micronuclei and macronuclei

105
Q

where do paramecium live?

A

freshwater with their arrangement of cilia allowing them to be specialized for different lifestyles

106
Q

Vorticella is a

A

solitary, sessile, stalked ciliate found in stagnate freshwater ponds

107
Q

Vorticella remains attached to

A

aquatic vegetation by a contractile stalk and possess a funnel-shaped body with a ring of cilia around the larger peristome (open end)

108
Q

how do Vorticella eat?

A

the cilia beat rapidly to create a water current that pulls food through the peristome, into the cytosome (mouth), which passes the food into the buccal cavity for digestion

109
Q

Stentor is

A

a large ciliate similar to Vorticella. however, the macronuclei are stretched out like a string of beads

110
Q

Amoeba phylum

A

Amoebozoa

111
Q

amoebas are

A

unicellular heterotrophs that live in freshwater ponds and slow-moving streams

112
Q

pseudopodia

A

structures formed by a flexible cell membrane that are used for feeding and locomotion
-lack the ability to sexually reproduce

113
Q

ectoplasm

A

more viscous, clear, outer layer of the cytoplasm

114
Q

endoplasm

A

the more fluid, granular, inner layer of the cytoplasm

115
Q

Foraminiferans

A

marine amoebas that secrete a calcareous test

116
Q

radiolarians

A

marine amoebas that produce a silica test

117
Q

foraminiferans and radiolarians

A

have long, slender feeding pseudopodia that extend through tiny pores in the test
-when they die, the tests drop to the bottom of the ocean and fossilize in limestone and chalk beds

118
Q

Phylum Euglenozoa

A
  • 1-2 flagella and a feeding groove that runs along one side of the cell body
  • unicellular, motile flagellates that reproduce asexually by binary fission
  • most are heterotrophic, while some are parasytic and photosynthetic
  • examples: Euglena, Volvox, and Trypanosoma
119
Q

Phylum Apicomplexa

A

unicellular parasites characterized by an apical complex of organelles that they use to penetrate the host’s cell
-examples: Plasmodium

120
Q

Phylum Ciliophora

A
  • unicellular heterotrophs that possess cilia for locomotion and feeding and have a micronuclei and macronuclei
  • ciliates undergo an elaborate process of gene shuffling known as conjugation
  • examples: Paramecium, Stentor, and Vorticella
121
Q

Phylum Amoebozoa

A
  • unicellular heterotrophs that have pseudopodia
  • lack the ability to sexually reproduce and instead reproduce asexually by binary fission
  • examples: Amoeba, Foraminiferans, and Radiolarians

Zoology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions