Mitosis and Meiosis Flashcards
processes of cell division
mitosis and meiosis
what does mitosis produce?
new daughter cells that contain the same number and composition of chromosomes as the original (parent) cell
what is mitosis used for?
it is used by the body for growth and repair. it is used by simple animals for asexual reproduction
cell cycle
the entire life of a cell, from its birth to its death
two major phases of the cell cycle
interphase and cell division
interphase
the cell grows in size, genetic material is synthesized, and the cell performs its normal bodily function
interphase subphases
G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase
G1 phase
a period of rapid cell growth and the formation of cellular organelles
S phase
where the genetic material of the cell gets duplicated into sister chromatids
G2 phase
cell prepares itself for cellular division by producing extra cellular organelles and the proteins necessary for cell division
cell division phase
either mitosis or meiosis occurs and accounts for only about 5-10% of the cell cycle
subphases of the cell division phase
nuclear division and cytokinesis
stages of mitosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
prophase
-longest
-DNA coils around proteins into sister chromatids
-nuclear envelope broken down
-centrioles form spindle fibers
metaphase
-sister chromatids align along the center of the cell
anaphase
centrioles and spindles pull the sister chromatids apart from one another and towards the opposite ends of the cell
telophase
reverses everything that happened in prophase, creating a single cell with two separate nuclei and DNA
when does crossing over occur?
prophase 1
which stage are two nuclei formed?
interphase
which stage do the chromosomes line up along the equator?
metaphase
which stage do the spindles form?
prophase
which stage separates the sister chromatids?
anaphase
which stage are daughter cells formed?
interphase
which stage reforms the nuclei?
telophase
