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Zoology > Lecture Exam 4 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

common names of echinoderms

A

sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucombers, brittle stars

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2
Q

what phylum are vertebrates a part of

A

Chordata

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3
Q

are echinoderms and chordates deuterostomes or protostomes

A

deuterostomes

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4
Q

where do echinoderms live

A

marine

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5
Q

first characteristic of echinoderms

A

3 part (tripartite) coelom

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6
Q

what kind of coelom do echinoderms have

A

tripartite

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7
Q

second characteristic of echinoderms

A

unique water vascular system

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8
Q

water vascular system

A

a network of canals branching into tube feet that function in locomotion and feeding

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9
Q

third characteristic of echinoderms

A

all members have a calcareous endoskeleton

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10
Q

what kind of skeleton do echinoderms have

A

calcareous endoskeleton

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11
Q

fourth characteristic of echinoderms

A

spiny endoskeleton

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12
Q

characteristics of echinoderm endoskeleton

A

consists of plates or ossicles covered by the epidermis

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13
Q

fifth characteristic of echinoderms

A

possess pedicellariae and dermal branchia

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14
Q

sixth characteristic of echinoderms

A

bilateral larva, undergo metamorphosis into radial symmetry in adults

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15
Q

seventh characteristic of echinoderms

A

nervous system with no brain or sensory organs

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16
Q

eighth characteristic of echinoderms

A

triploblastic

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17
Q

ninth characteristic of echinoderms

A

complete digestive system

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18
Q

tenth characteristic of echinoderms

A

regenerate lost parts

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19
Q

eleventh characteristic of echinoderms

A

excretory organs absen

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20
Q

twelfth characteristic of echinoderms

A

separte sexes, external fertilization, larval stage with metamorphosis

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21
Q

5 classes of echinodermata

A

-Asteroidea
-Ophiuroidea
-Echinodea
-Holothuridea

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22
Q

external features of Asteroidea

A

-central disc with 5 arms extending
-mouth is on the underside
-oral and aboral surface
-ambulacrum runs from the mouth to the tip of each arm
-ambulacral groove bordered by rows of tube feet
-radil nerve located in center of each ambulacral groove
-under the nerve is an extension of the coelom and the radial canal of the water vascular system

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23
Q

where does the water vascular system open to the outside

A

madreporite

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24
Q

where does madreporite lead to

A

stone canal

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25
Q

where does stone canal lead to

A

ring canal

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26
Q

where does ring canal lead to

A

radial canals

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27
Q

what is the inner end of each tube foot called

A

ampulla
-within coelom

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28
Q

ampulla purpose

A

contract fo`rcing fluid into and extending the podium

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29
Q

Asteroidea nervous system

A

-oral system of a nerve ring and radial nerves coordinate the tube feet
-sense organs include an eyespot at the tip of each arm

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30
Q

Asteroidea reproduction, regeneration, and autonomy

A

-dioecious
-external fertilizatio
-regenerate lost parts
-larval stage

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31
Q

regenerate lost parts

A

-cast off injured arms and regenerate new ones
-arm can regenerate a new sea star is 1/5 of central disc is present

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32
Q

larval stage of Asteroidea

A

-free-swimming larva
-bilateral bipinnaria
-larvs grows 3 adhesive arms and a sucker at the anterior (brachiolaria)

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33
Q

metamorphosis of Asteroidea

A

-brachiolaria attaches to substrate and undergoes metamorphosis into a radial juvenile
-arms and tube feet appear, animal detaches from stalk and becomes a young sea star

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34
Q

characteristics of class Ophiuroidea

A

-5 movable plates act as jaws and surround mouth
-no anus
-visceral organs are in the central disc (arms too slender to accommodate them)
-stomach sac-like
-no intestine

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35
Q

Class Echinoidea characteristics

A

-sea urchins and sand dollars
-sea urchins lack arms but their tests show 5 part symmetry

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36
Q

Class Holothuroidea characteristics

A

-no spines, reduced endoskeleton, body wall leathery
-cephalization absent
-secondary bilaterality present
-5 rows of tube feet
-oral tentacles are 10-30 tube feet surrounding the mouth
-eject their stomachs for defense

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37
Q

do sea cucumbers have cephalization

A

no

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38
Q

main charactristics of phylum Chordata

A

-dorsal, tubular nerve cord
-notochord
-pharyngeal slits
-endostyle
-post anal tail

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39
Q

notochord

A

-always found at some embryonic stage in chordates
-first part of the endoskeleton to appear in the embryo
-muscles attach to notochord

40
Q

dorsal tubular nerve cord

A

-single, tubular cord is dorsal to digestive track
-anterior end enlarges to form brain

41
Q

pharyngeal pouches

A

-lead from pharyngeal cavity to outside
-envagination of endoderm of pharynx

42
Q

endostyle

A

-recent, new chordate characteristic
-found in all chordates
-secrete iodinated proteins homologous with the iodinated-hormone secreting thyroid gland of adult lampreys and other vertebrates

43
Q

post anal tail

A

-motility to swim
-efficiency increased in fishes but became smaller in later lineages

44
Q

Chordata subphylums

A

-Urochordata
-Cephalochordata
-Vertebrata

45
Q

where is the incurrent siphon located on Urochordata

A

ventral side

46
Q

Urochordata common name

A

sea squirts

47
Q

where is the excurrent siphon located on Urochordata

A

dorsal side

48
Q

sea squirt feeding

A

mucous net is secreted by endostyle

49
Q

sea squirt reproduction

A

-hermaphroditic
-fertilization external through excurrent siphon

50
Q

sea squirt larval characteristic

A

-tadpole larva
-does not feed, but swims for several hours before attaching and metamorphosises into a sessile adult

51
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata common name

A

lancelets (amphioxus)

52
Q

lancelet characteristics

A

-slender, laterally flattened, translucent
-live in sandy bottoms of coastal water

53
Q

lancelet feeding characteristics

A

-water enters mouth driven by cilia in the buccal cavity and pharynx
-water passes through pharyngeal slits where food is trapped in mucous secreted by endostyle
-food moves through intestine

53
Q

lancelet feeding characteristics

A

-water enters mouth driven by cilia in the buccal cavity and pharynx
-water passes through pharyngeal slits where food is trapped in mucous secreted by endostyle
-food moves through intestine

54
Q

lancelet reproduction

A

-dioecious
-gametes released through atriopon
-external fertilization
-larvae hatch and assume adult shape

55
Q

subphylum Vertebrata main characteristic

A

have a backbone and cranium

56
Q

first characteristic of vertebrates

A

bony or cartilaginous vertebrate around spinal cord
-endoskeleton composed initially of cartilage and later bone
-protected with keratinized structures derived from epidermis

57
Q

second characteristic of vertebrates

A

bony or cartilaginous cranium surrounding a 3-part brain
-forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
-paired special sense organs for vision, equilibrium, and sound

58
Q

third mcharacteristic of vertebrates

A

neural crest
-bilateral bands of cells that form the neural tube
-neural crest cells migrate to distant sites in the embryo
-develop into unique vertebrate structures

59
Q

fourth characteristic of vertebrates

A

ventral 3 chambered heart

60
Q

fifth characteristic of vertebrates

A

paired, glomorular kidneys
-digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and excretory systems modified to meet increased metabolic demand

61
Q

3 Vertebrata superclasses

A

-Agnatha
-Gnathostomata
-Tetrapoda

62
Q

characteristics of superclass Agnatha

A

-jawless vertebrate
-no paired appendages

63
Q

characteristic of superclass Gnathostomata

A

jawed vertebrate with paired appendages

64
Q

characteristic of superclass Tetrapoda

A

4 legs

65
Q

superclass Agnatha classes

A

-Myxini
-Petromyzontid

66
Q

class Myxini common name

A

hagfish

67
Q

class Petromyzontida common name

A

lamprey

68
Q

hagfish habitat

A

marine

69
Q

how many gills do hagfish have

A

5-17 pairs

70
Q

hagfish feeding

A

scavengers and predators of annelids, molluscs, dead or dying fish
-nearly blind and locate food with an acute sense of smell and touch

71
Q

hagfishm defense

A

special glands along body secrete slime to repel predators

72
Q

hagfish reproduction

A

-females produce small numbers of large, yolky eggs 2-7 centimeters in diameter

73
Q

how many gills do lampreys have

A

7 pairs

74
Q

lamprey reproduction and development

A

-ascend freshwater streams to breed
-males build nest by lifting stones with oral discs
-as eggs are shed into nest, the male fertilizes them
-adults die soon after spawning
-eggs hatch in two weeks into ammoceotes larvae

75
Q

lamprey feeding

A

-parasitic
-attach to fish with sucker-like mouth
-sharp teeth rasp through flesh as they suck fluids
-inject anticoagulant into a wound

76
Q

Gnathostomata classes

A

-Chondrichthyes
-Osteichthyes

77
Q

characteristics of Chondricthyes

A

-cartilaginous skeleton
-heterocercl tail, paired pectoral and pelvic fins
-skin with placoid scales
-jaws with polyphydontyteeth
-intestines with spiral valve
-5-7 pairs of gills, no swim bladder or lungs
-sexes well developed

78
Q

modern amphibians habitat

A

terrestrial, but remain tied to water

79
Q

amphibian reproduction

A

-eggs deposited in water to be kept moist
-larvae depend on gills for respiration

80
Q

amphibian development

A

Paedomorphosis:
-descendants retain larval features such as gills, aquatic lifestyle as adults (salamanders)

81
Q

ectotherms

A

body temperature depends on environment and restricts where they live

82
Q

Sauropsida common name

A

reptiles and birds

83
Q

Sauropsida characteristics

A

-amniotic egg
-rib ventilation of the lung
-thicker and more waterproof skin
-stronger jaws

84
Q

Sauropsida amniotic egg

A

4 extraembryonic membranes

85
Q

Sauropsida skin

A

-thicker
-more waterproof
-variety of keratinized structures such as scales, hair, feathers, claws

86
Q

why are sauropod jaws stronger

A

made of multiple bones

87
Q

Sauropsida subclasses

A

-Euroreptilia
-Aves

88
Q

Europtilia common name

A

reptiles

89
Q

Europtilia characteristics

A

-ectothermic
-amniotic egg
-scales on epidermis
-3 chambered heart
-no external ears

90
Q

Aves common nme

A

birds

91
Q

Aves characteristics

A

-feathers (modified scales)
-wings
-beak (no teeth)
-hard (calcium) shelled eggs
-hollow bones for flight

92
Q

class Synapsida common name

A

mammals

93
Q

class Synapsida characteristics

A

-hair or fur
-3 inner ear bones
-mammary glands to feed their young with milk
-dihydont teeth
-4 chambered heart

94
Q

class Synapsida subclasses

A

-Prototheria
-Metatheria
-Eutheria

Zoology (11 decks)

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