Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Zoology > Lab Exam 3 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what does Mollusca mean in Latin?

A

soft-bodied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what animals does Mollusca include

A

chitons, snails, slugs, clams, oysters, squids, octopuses, cuttlefish, and others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where do molluscs live

A

marine and fresh waters, and various terrestrial habitats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

three major regions of the molluscan body plan

A
  1. muscular foot
  2. visceral mass
  3. mantle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

muscular foot

A

used for locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mantle

A

a fleshy tissue attached to the visceral mass that secretes the shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

shell

A

usually made of calcium carbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mantle cavity

A

between the mantle and visceral mass, which contains the gills and the openings of the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

are molluscs diploblastic or triploblastic

A

triploblastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mollusc symmetry

A

bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

do molluscs display cephalization

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what kind of body cavity

A

coelom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

are molluscs deuterostomes or protostomes

A

protostomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what type of cleavage

A

spiral cleavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what kind of larva

A

trochophore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

four classes of molluscs

A

Polyplacophora, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Polyplacophora common name

A

chitons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bivalvia common name

A

bivalves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gastropoda common name

A

snails and slugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cephalopoda common names

A

squid, nautilus, and octopus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where do chitons live

A

marine, worldwide, from cold waters to the tropics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how many seperate shell plates do chitons have

A

7-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the first shell plate called in chitons

A

anterior valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the last shell plate called

A

posterior valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the chiton’s plates encircled by

A

the mantle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the mantle in chitons also known as

A

the girdle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how do chitons get food off the ground

A

with a radula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

how does the foot function in chitons

A

suctions them to the rock surface during wave actionq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

where are the chitons’ heads and mouths

A

below the girdle and shell plates, can’t be seen from the dorsal surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

where is the mouth cavity on chitons

A

runs around the animal between the mantle and the foot and contains the repiratory gills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

are chitons monoecious or dioecious

A

dioecious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

how does fertilization occur in chitons

A

in the water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

development in chitons

A

zygote develops into the trochophore larva and metamorphosizes into a young chiton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

how many shells does the chiton have?

A

one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

do chitons have a radula?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what is the function of the chiton’s radula?

A

to scrape food off the ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

where are the gills found in chitons?

A

the mantle cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

where do bivalves live?

A

both marine and freshwaters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

how many valves compose the bivalve’s shell

A

two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

how do bivalves feed

A

filter feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what structures are bivalves missing

A

head, radula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

special characteristics of bivalve foot

A

can extend beyond the shell and move then animal when burrowing in the sand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

how are the two valves hinged in bivales

A

hinged on the dorsal surface and held together by an elastic hinge ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

elastic hinge ligament function

A

to hold together the two valves of a bivalve’s shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

umbo

A

swollen area near the hinge of bivalves, and is the oldest part of the shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

are bivalves dioecious or monoecious

A

dioecious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

bivalves gonads function

A

produce the gametes and release them into the water through the excurrent aperture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

is fertilization internal or external in bivalves

A

external

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

bivalve development

A

fertilized egg develops into a trochophore larva, which is then transformed into a veliger larva (with bivalve shells) and then into the adult shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

where do gastropods live

A

moist areas on land, or are marine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

what is the shell for gastropods like

A

single coiled shell (or shell is absent) covering the visceral mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

how do gastropods feed

A

herbivores, feeding with a radula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

nudibranches (naked gills) class

A

Gastropoda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

body torsion

A

the visceral mass of the animal is rotated 180 degrees to one side during development, producing an animal with its anus more or less above its head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

which class displays body torsion

A

gastropods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

where is the mouth located in gastropods

A

ventral to the head with an internal radula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

where is the mantle cavity located in gastropods

A

just within the shell above the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

where is the pneuomostome located in gastropods

A

right below the shell and leads into the mantle cavity (or lungs in land molluscs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

where are the eyes located in gastropods?

A

at the end of the tentacles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

what is the function of the mantle cavity?

A

respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

what is the function or the pneumostome?

A

communicates the lung and mantle cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

what do all cephalopods have in common?

A

the head/foot is modified into tentacles/arms and a siphon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

where do cephalopods live

A

marine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

are cephalopods monoecious or dioecious

A

dioecious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

how do cephalopods feed

A

they are active predators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

what are the fins on cephalopods called

A

lateral fins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

what is the visceral mass covered with in cephalopods

A

thickened mantle, which forms a loose-fitting collar about the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

special characteristics of eyes in cephalopods

A

complex, highly advanced eyes that can form clear images

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

convergent evolution example

A

vertebrate and cephalopod eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

cephalopod appendages

A

8 arms with rows of suckers, and 2 longer tentacles which are used to capture prey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

where does the mouth lie in cephalopods

A

within the circle of arms and contains beaklike jaws

72
Q

where is the siphon lie in cephalopods

A

projects under the collar on the posterior side

73
Q

how does the siphon work

A

it is used as “jet-propulsion” locomotion in cephalopods

74
Q

chromatophores

A

pigment producing cells throughout the mantle of squids and octopuses

75
Q

which animals contain chromatophores

A

squids and octopuses

76
Q

which side is the siphon on?

A

posterior side

77
Q

what are the tentacles used for?

A

grasping prey

78
Q

what does convergent evolution mean?

A

two groups of animals evolved to both have the same trait

79
Q

what is the purpose of the chromatophores?

A

to help octopuses and squids blend in to their surroundings

80
Q

what is the pen?

A

the shell of the squid that is reduced and embedded into the mantle tissue

81
Q

where is the pen found

A

it is the apex of the collar of the squid’s mantle

82
Q

what is the function of the numerous chambers within the nautilus shell?

A

to pump air and water in and out of its shell, creating jet propulsion to thrust itself backwards and to make turns

83
Q

primary characteristics of phylum mollusca

A

visceral mass, mantle, head-foot region, radula, trochophore and/or veligar larva stages

84
Q

primary characteristics of class Polyplacophora

A

-elongated, dorsally flattened body with a reduced head
-radula present
-shell in 7-8 plates
-seperate sexes
-example: chitons

85
Q

primary characteristics of class Bivalvia

A

-body enclosed in a two-lobed mantle
-shell is composed of two valves connected at the dorsal hinge
-cephalization is reduced
-no radula
-seperate sexes
-filter feeders
-example: clams

86
Q

primary characteristics of class Gastropoda

A

-asymmetrical body
-coiled univalve shell
-well developed head with a radula
-visceral mass torsion
-examples: snails and slugs

87
Q

primary characteristics of class Cephalopoda

A

-shell often reduced or absent (except in nautili)
-head well developed with cephalization
-foot modified into appendages (arms and tentacles) and siphon
-seperate sexes
-example: squids

88
Q

main characteristics of Annelids

A

-protostomes
-complete digestive tract
-ventral nerve cord
segmented body parts
-closed circulatory system
-high degree of cephalization
-excretory system

89
Q

metamerism

A

external and internal serial repetition of body parts and organs

90
Q

what did the development of metamerism lead to

A

tagmatization

91
Q

are annelids hermaphroditic?

A

yes

92
Q

most significant evolutionary feature of annelids

A

metamerism

93
Q

first advantage of metamerism

A

it facilitates a more efficient locomotion

94
Q

second advantage of metamerism

A

lessens the impact of bodily injury

95
Q

third advantage of metamerism

A

leads to the development of tagmatization

96
Q

how does metamerism facilitate a more efficient locomotion?

A

by having the coelom divided into segments by the septa, a hydrostatic skeleton is created which provides a rigid structure for muscles to push (contract) against

97
Q

how does metamerism lessen the impact of bodily injury?

A

by having multiple backup organs in each segment if one segment fails

98
Q

what is tagmatization

A

the ability to devote certain segments of the body for specialized functions, sensory function, and/or feeding

99
Q

three classes of annelids

A

Class Polychaeta, Class Oligochaeta, Class Hirudinida

100
Q

common name of Polychaeta

A

clamworms

101
Q

common name of Oligochaeta

A

earthworms

102
Q

common name of Hirudinia

A

leeches

103
Q

largest class of annelids

A

Polychaeta

104
Q

where do clamworms live

A

marine locations in burrows in the mud

105
Q

general external appearance of clamworms

A

-have a head with sensory structures (eyes and tentacles)
-parapodia bearing numerous setae on each body segment

106
Q

characteristics of clamworm prostomium

A

-4 dark eyes
-a pair of small tentacles
-fleshy palps

107
Q

where is the peristomium located on a clamworm

A

behind the prostomium

108
Q

characteristic of peristomium

A

holds 4 pairs of sensory peristomal tentacles

109
Q

where is the pharynx usually located on a clamworm

A

it is usually inverted into the head unless the worm is feeding

110
Q

characteristics of clamworm pharynx

A

-large and muscular
-bears many small horny teeth, and a pair of dark pincerlike jaws

111
Q

where is the mouth located on the clamworm

A

between the jaws

112
Q

where are the lateral parapodia located on a clamworm

A

posterior to the head

113
Q

what is each parapodium divided into

A

a dorsal lobe and a ventral lobe

114
Q

dorsal lobe

A

notopodium

115
Q

ventral lobe

A

neuropodium

116
Q

what does each lobe of the parapodium have on a clamworm

A

a bundle of bristles called setae

117
Q

characteristics of the caudal segment of the clamworm

A

-lacks parapodia
-bears anus
-bears a pair of sensory cirri

118
Q

where are new segments added on a clamworm

A

anterior to the caudal segment

119
Q

caudal segment

A

the last segment of the clamworm

120
Q

how many eyes does Nereis have?

A

four

121
Q

how many peristomal tentacles does Nereis have?

A

eight (four pairs)

122
Q

where is the nerve cord of the clayworm?

A

ventral side

123
Q

what is the function of the parapodia

A

used for creeping and swimming

124
Q

what type of coelom do they have

A

true coelom

125
Q

where do earthworms live

A

primarily terrestrial, living in freshwater or damp soil, are usually nocturnal

126
Q

characteristics of earthworms

A

-few short setae
-never have parapodia
-cephalization reduced
-monoecious, with no larva stage

127
Q

how many segments make up the head region in an earthworm

A

four

128
Q

what is the first segment in an earthworm called

A

prostomium

129
Q

earthworm prostomium

A

the first segment which is a circular lobe that overhangs the mouth

130
Q

what is the segment of earthworms called

A

peristomium

131
Q

characteristics of the earthworm peristomium

A

bears the mouth opening, is the second segment

132
Q

earthworm clitellum

A

a slightly swollen area (lighter in color) 1/3 of the way down the worm
-used during reproduction

133
Q

earthworm caudal segment

A

the last segment
-contains the anus

134
Q

how does food travel in an earthworm

A

mouth (by the pharynx) –> esophagus –> crop (storage area) –> muscular gizzard (for grinding and pulverizing) –> intestines (digestion and absorption) –> out anus

135
Q

earthworm circulatory system characteristics

A

-closed
-made up of dorsal and ventral blood vessels
-5 aortic arches (hearts) surrounding the esophagus

136
Q

earthworm excretory system characteristics

A

-pair of nephridia on the ventral side of each segment

137
Q

earthworm nephridium characteristics

A

-begins with a ciliated funnel-shaped nephrostome, which opensinto the anterior segment
-a tubule extends from the nephrostome, into the posterior segment, to the bladder which empties to the outside through the nephridiopore of the posterior segment

138
Q

earthworm nervous system characteristics

A

-pair of dorsal cerebral ganglion (on the dorsal side of pharynx)
-leads to a ventral nerve cord

139
Q

earthworm reproductive system characteristics

A

-ventral
-lies under the digestive tract
-monoecious
-males have seminal vesicles that contain the testis within them
-females have seminal receptacles which store the sperm of other worms, with ovaries posterior to the seminal receptacles, with a pair of oviducts posterior to the ovaries

140
Q

what is the function of the seminal receptacles in earthworms?

A

recieve sperm from the male

141
Q

what is the function of the crop?

A

food storage

142
Q

what is the function of the gizzard?

A

grinding and pulverizing

143
Q

where is the nerve cord?

A

ventral

144
Q

how many hearts does the earthworm have?

A

five

145
Q

what is the function of the clitellum?

A

produces the cocoon in earthworms and leeches

146
Q

leech segmentation characteristics

A

33-34 externally, secondarily divided

147
Q

leech characteristics

A

-33-34 annula
-anterior and posterior suckers
-no parapodia or setae
-excrete hirudin
-monoecious

148
Q

hirudin

A

blood thinning chemical excreted by leeches

149
Q

overall characteristics of Class Polychaeta

A

-free-living, segmented, predacioius worms
-specialized head with sensory structures
-a pair or parapodia bearing numerous setae on each body segment
-no clitellum
-trochophore larva

150
Q

general characteristics of Class Oligochaeta

A

-free-living, segmented, primarily terrestrial and freshwater
-live in soil, usually nocturnal
-only have a few short setae, no parapodia
-cephalization reduced
-clitellum present
-monoecious, no larva stage

151
Q

general characteristics of Class Hirudinida

A

-free-living, mostly freshwater
-33-34 segments with many annula
-clitellum present
-anterior and posterior suckers
-parapodia and setae absent

152
Q

general characteristics of arthropods

A

-triploblastic
-coelomates
-exoskeleton
-jointed appendages
-metamerism
-tagmata
-bilateral
-dorsal brain and ventral nerve cord

153
Q

main characteristic of arthropod’s circulatory system

A

open circulatory system
-specialized respiratory structures

154
Q

specialized arthropod respiratory structures

A

gills, book lungs, trachea with spiracles

155
Q

ain characteristic of arthropods

A

dioecious with internal fertilization with metamorphosiss

156
Q

how has metamorphosis contributed to arthropod’s success

A

by reducing competition between the larval and adult form

157
Q

trilobite tagmata

A

cephalon, thorax, and pygidium

158
Q

are trilobite appendages biramous or uniramous

A

biramous

159
Q

how many pairs of antennae do trilobite have

A

one

160
Q

distinguishing characteristic of chelicerates

A

-posess a chelicera as the first pair of appendages instead of mandibles

161
Q

second pair of chelicerate appendages

A

pedipalps, usually sensory

162
Q

how many tagmata do chelicerates have

A

two: the cephalothorax and abdomen

163
Q

subphylums of Arthropoda

A

Subphylum Trilobita. Subphylum Chelicerata, Sybphylum Crustacea, Subphylum Myriapoda, Subphylum Hexapoda

164
Q

classes of Cheliecerata

A

Class Merostomata, Class Arachida

165
Q

common name of Trilobita

A

trilobites

166
Q

common name of Chelicerata

A

spiders and horseshoe crabs

167
Q

main characteristics of subphylum Trilobita

A

-all extinct
-3 regions: head, thorax, abdomen
-biramous appendages

168
Q

main characteristics of subphylum Chelicerata

A

-one pair chelicera
-one pair pedipalps
-four pairs walking legs
-no antenna or mandibles
-2 body regions: cephalothorax and abdomen

169
Q

main characteristics of class Merostomata

A

-book gills
-carapace and telson
-mouth ventral and central

170
Q

main characteristics of sea spider class

A

-a proboscis
-very small abdomen
-oviger in males

171
Q

main characteristics of class Arachnida

A

-chelicerae with fangs
-book lungs
-Malpighian tubules
-can spin silk webs

172
Q

main characteristics of subphylum Crustacea

A

-head with a pair of mandibles and two pairs of maxillipeds
-two pairs of antennules
-biramous appendages
-body regions: head and thorax fused into a cephalothorax covered by a carapace, and an abdomen
-compound eyes

173
Q

main characteristics of subphylum Myriapoda

A

segmented body with uniramous appendages

174
Q

main characteristics of class Chilopoda

A

-dorsoventrally flattened
-each segment contains one pair of legs with maxillipeds modified into venomous fangs
-uniramous appendages

175
Q

main characteristics of class Diplopoda

A

-cylindrical bodies
-4 thorax segments with 1 pair of legs while all other segments have 2 pairs of legs
-uniramous appendages

176
Q

main characteristics of subphylum Hexapoda

A

-3 body regions: head, thorax, abdomen
-thorax usually divided into 3 sub-regions and usually with 2 pairs of wings
-uniramous appendages
-3 pairs of walking legs
-1 pair of antenna and compound eyes
-metamorphosis

Zoology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions