Protist Quiz

Question 1

What are protists?

Answer 1

a world of small, (mostly) single celled organisms

some ancestors - fungi, plants, animals

Question 2

Why are protists important?

Answer 2

produce most of our oxygen and take up carbon
form the basis of all food chains
have members that have killed and continue to kill more people than anything else

Question 3

What is one feature all protists have in common?

Answer 3

Eukaryotes with a nucleus and organelles

Question 4

Since many protists have a contractile vacuole, what does that indicate about their habitat?

Answer 4

environments with high H2O contents

Question 5

What are the different feeding methods protists employ?

Answer 5

heterotrophic - mistake in food
antotrophic - self-feeding
mixtrophics - can do both

Question 6

Protists body forms

Answer 6

Asymmetrical
Bilateral
Radial

Question 7

Three types of movement

Answer 7

Flagella - whiplike
Cilia - hair like
Pseudopdia - move entire body

Question 8

What does it mean to be sessile?

Answer 8

can’t move

Question 9

What is endosymbiosis and how it contribute to protist diversity

Answer 9

relationship between organism living inside of another

ancestral, heterotrophic, single-celled organism engulfed in a cyanobacterium

Question 10

What is a plastid?

Answer 10

?

Question 11

How did plastids form?

Answer 11

?

Question 12

What groups of protists have plastids

Answer 12

?

Question 13

What is unique about excavates?

Answer 13

get their name from an excavation (feeding groove) on body surface used for feeding
appear to lack mitochondira or plastids

Question 14

Where are excavates found?

Answer 14

anaerobic situations

Question 15

How do you identify Diplomonads and Parabasalids

Answer 15

two equal sized nuclei, nonfunctional mitochondria, multiple flagella

Question 16

Are Diplomonads and Parabasalids medically, ecologically or economically important?

Answer 16

medically - STD

Question 17

How do you identify Euglenoza-Kinetoplastids

Answer 17

have a large mitochondria and a kinetoplast that contains multiple DNA molecules

Question 18

Euglenoza-euglenids

Answer 18

common fresh-water organism
flagella present
mixotroph

Question 19

Chromalveates - Alveolates

Answer 19

sacs called alveoli just below the plasma membrane
unicellular
photosynthetic

Question 20

Chromalveates - Stramenopiles

Answer 20

one short, smooth flagllum and one loner hairy flagellum
rows of tubular hairs on the larger if the 2 flagella
some lack flagella but are descended from ancestors that have it

Question 21

Alveolates-Ciliophora

Answer 21

use cilia to move and feed

have 2 nuclei, micro and macro

Question 22

What are trichocysts

Answer 22

defense organelles that can explode as sharp darts

Question 23

Alceolates-Apicomplexans

Answer 23

include plasmodium, the casual agent of malaria

lifecycle - transmitted by mosquito, damage to liver and red blood cells

Question 24

Apical Complex

Answer 24

complex of organelles at one end of cell

Question 25

Alveolates-Dinflagellates

Answer 25

mostly marine, photosynthetic, primary producers in ocean tests of silica or cellulose capture small organisms with extrusome

Question 26

Red Tides

Answer 26

red carartenoids release toxins that may kill millions of fish and shellfish abundant nitrates, pollution/human waste that the dinsoflagellates feed on

Question 27

Stranenopiles-Diatoms

Answer 27

unicellular silica (glass) tests photosynthetic - primary producers in ocean

Question 28

Stramenopiles - Golden and Brown Alage

Answer 28

get names from colors of carotenoids some are multicellular attached forms developed holdfasts with Alginic acid to glue to rocks

Question 29

Brown alage often called

Answer 29

seaweed

Question 30

Stramenopiles - Oomycetes

Answer 30

can appear to have multi-nucleated cells (resembling fungi) mainly parasite or decomposers, can impact organisms like plants if wet Absorptive heterotophs

Question 31

Phytophthora

Answer 31

Irish potato

Question 32

Rhizaria

Answer 32

some ameobas, protist shtat move via pseuudophodia some build tests, some have photosynthetic symbionts

Question 33

What is a significant feature of the Chlorarachniophytes?

Answer 33

secondary endosymbiosis - herterophic cell engulfed green algae plastids surrounded by 4 membrabes

Question 34

Rhizaria-Foraminifera

Answer 34

all are marine red on algae and small microorganisms snowfall of bodies builds up an ooze leading to chalk importance in paleobiology and climatology

Question 35

Rhizaria - Radiolarians

Answer 35

radical symmetry pseudophobia generally radiate out from central body silica rest marine and fresh water

Question 36

pseudopods increase ________ of cell to help stay alfloat

Answer 36

surface area

Question 37

Archaeplastida

Answer 37

primary endosymbionts that took up cyanobacteria other groups of protists have taken up some of these one line of descent leads to land plants

Question 38

Archeaplastida - Red Algae

Answer 38

most red color most abundant in warm tropical waters multicellular

Question 39

Archeaplastida - Green Algae

Answer 39

green (photosynthetic pigment) live in salt and freshwater, on land if it wet or inside another organism larger sizes and more complex

Question 40

unikonta

Answer 40

2 major groups | very hard to place organisms

Question 41

Unikota (Amoebozans)

Answer 41

slime molds gymnamoebas entamoebas

Question 42

Unikota (Opisthokonts)

Answer 42

nuclercids | Chanoflagellates

Question 43

Amoebozans - slime molds

Answer 43

once thought to be a fungi a) vegatative state-plasmodium - a mass of cytoplasm with no cell walls b) if conditions become unfavorable - form a hardened mass, can grow into plasmodium - transform onto spare-bearing fruiting structures

Question 44

Amoebozans - Gymnamoebas & Entamoebas

Answer 44

freshwater and marine, some terestrial | don't construct tests

Question 45

Gymnamoebas

Answer 45

free living predators

Question 46

Entramoebas

Answer 46

endoparasites

Question 47

Opisthokonts

Answer 47

a clade consisting of organisms that have/had a posterior flagellim

Question 48

Chanoflagellates

Answer 48

link cells together, sticky proteins called cadherins sponges are most ancestral group - lack tissues but have cells similar to chanoflagellate cells and produce cacherns

Question 49

Nuclearids

Answer 49

connection to the kingdom fungi - more closely related to single-celled protists flagellated amoebas that feed on algae and bactera

Question 50

Zygenma

Answer 50

``` filament unbranched distinctive shape not a spiral 2 star-shaped chloroplasts in each cell ```

Question 51

Closterium

Answer 51

unicell or colony unicell doesn't have a flagella green not round, divided into 2 halves with a nucleus in the middle cell is elongated without a constriction in the middle (might be curved)

Question 52

Spirogyra

Answer 52

filament (linear) unbranched distinctive shape spiral

Question 53

Micrasteus

Answer 53

unicell or colony unicellular no flagella green not round, appears to be divided in 2 halves obvious constriction in the middle several lobes and secondary lobes

Question 54

Secendesmus

Answer 54

``` unicell or colony colony nonmotile not spherical has 2 or 4 cells with spiines on the corners ```