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Bio 141 > Protist Quiz > Flashcards

Protist Quiz Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are protists?

A

a world of small, (mostly) single celled organisms

some ancestors - fungi, plants, animals

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2
Q

Why are protists important?

A

produce most of our oxygen and take up carbon
form the basis of all food chains
have members that have killed and continue to kill more people than anything else

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3
Q

What is one feature all protists have in common?

A

Eukaryotes with a nucleus and organelles

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4
Q

Since many protists have a contractile vacuole, what does that indicate about their habitat?

A

environments with high H2O contents

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5
Q

What are the different feeding methods protists employ?

A

heterotrophic - mistake in food
antotrophic - self-feeding
mixtrophics - can do both

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6
Q

Protists body forms

A

Asymmetrical
Bilateral
Radial

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7
Q

Three types of movement

A

Flagella - whiplike
Cilia - hair like
Pseudopdia - move entire body

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8
Q

What does it mean to be sessile?

A

can’t move

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9
Q

What is endosymbiosis and how it contribute to protist diversity

A

relationship between organism living inside of another

ancestral, heterotrophic, single-celled organism engulfed in a cyanobacterium

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10
Q

What is a plastid?

A

?

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11
Q

How did plastids form?

A

?

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12
Q

What groups of protists have plastids

A

?

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13
Q

What is unique about excavates?

A

get their name from an excavation (feeding groove) on body surface used for feeding
appear to lack mitochondira or plastids

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14
Q

Where are excavates found?

A

anaerobic situations

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15
Q

How do you identify Diplomonads and Parabasalids

A

two equal sized nuclei, nonfunctional mitochondria, multiple flagella

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16
Q

Are Diplomonads and Parabasalids medically, ecologically or economically important?

A

medically - STD

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17
Q

How do you identify Euglenoza-Kinetoplastids

A

have a large mitochondria and a kinetoplast that contains multiple DNA molecules

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18
Q

Euglenoza-euglenids

A

common fresh-water organism
flagella present
mixotroph

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19
Q

Chromalveates - Alveolates

A

sacs called alveoli just below the plasma membrane
unicellular
photosynthetic

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20
Q

Chromalveates - Stramenopiles

A

one short, smooth flagllum and one loner hairy flagellum
rows of tubular hairs on the larger if the 2 flagella
some lack flagella but are descended from ancestors that have it

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21
Q

Alveolates-Ciliophora

A

use cilia to move and feed

have 2 nuclei, micro and macro

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22
Q

What are trichocysts

A

defense organelles that can explode as sharp darts

23
Q

Alceolates-Apicomplexans

A

include plasmodium, the casual agent of malaria

lifecycle - transmitted by mosquito, damage to liver and red blood cells

24
Q

Apical Complex

A

complex of organelles at one end of cell

25
Q

Alveolates-Dinflagellates

A

mostly marine, photosynthetic, primary producers in ocean
tests of silica or cellulose
capture small organisms with extrusome

26
Q

Red Tides

A

red carartenoids
release toxins that may kill millions of fish and shellfish
abundant nitrates, pollution/human waste that the dinsoflagellates feed on

27
Q

Stranenopiles-Diatoms

A

unicellular
silica (glass) tests
photosynthetic - primary producers in ocean

28
Q

Stramenopiles - Golden and Brown Alage

A

get names from colors of carotenoids
some are multicellular
attached forms developed holdfasts with Alginic acid to glue to rocks

29
Q

Brown alage often called

A

seaweed

30
Q

Stramenopiles - Oomycetes

A

can appear to have multi-nucleated cells (resembling fungi)
mainly parasite or decomposers, can impact organisms like plants if wet
Absorptive heterotophs

31
Q

Phytophthora

A

Irish potato

32
Q

Rhizaria

A

some ameobas, protist shtat move via pseuudophodia
some build tests,
some have photosynthetic symbionts

33
Q

What is a significant feature of the Chlorarachniophytes?

A

secondary endosymbiosis - herterophic cell engulfed green algae
plastids surrounded by 4 membrabes

34
Q

Rhizaria-Foraminifera

A

all are marine
red on algae and small microorganisms
snowfall of bodies builds up an ooze leading to chalk
importance in paleobiology and climatology

35
Q

Rhizaria - Radiolarians

A

radical symmetry
pseudophobia generally radiate out from central body
silica rest
marine and fresh water

36
Q

pseudopods increase ________ of cell to help stay alfloat

A

surface area

37
Q

Archaeplastida

A

primary endosymbionts that took up cyanobacteria
other groups of protists have taken up some of these
one line of descent leads to land plants

38
Q

Archeaplastida - Red Algae

A

most red color
most abundant in warm tropical waters
multicellular

39
Q

Archeaplastida - Green Algae

A

green (photosynthetic pigment)
live in salt and freshwater, on land if it wet or inside another organism
larger sizes and more complex

40
Q

unikonta

A

2 major groups

very hard to place organisms

41
Q

Unikota (Amoebozans)

A

slime molds
gymnamoebas
entamoebas

42
Q

Unikota (Opisthokonts)

A

nuclercids

Chanoflagellates

43
Q

Amoebozans - slime molds

A

once thought to be a fungi

a) vegatative state-plasmodium - a mass of cytoplasm with no cell walls
b) if conditions become unfavorable
- form a hardened mass, can grow into plasmodium
- transform onto spare-bearing fruiting structures

44
Q

Amoebozans - Gymnamoebas & Entamoebas

A

freshwater and marine, some terestrial

don’t construct tests

45
Q

Gymnamoebas

A

free living predators

46
Q

Entramoebas

A

endoparasites

47
Q

Opisthokonts

A

a clade consisting of organisms that have/had a posterior flagellim

48
Q

Chanoflagellates

A

link cells together, sticky proteins called cadherins
sponges are most ancestral group
- lack tissues but have cells similar to chanoflagellate cells and produce cacherns

49
Q

Nuclearids

A

connection to the kingdom fungi
- more closely related to single-celled protists
flagellated amoebas that feed on algae and bactera

50
Q

Zygenma

A 
filament
unbranched
distinctive shape
not a spiral
2 star-shaped chloroplasts in each cell
51
Q

Closterium

A

unicell or colony
unicell
doesn’t have a flagella
green
not round, divided into 2 halves with a nucleus in the middle
cell is elongated without a constriction in the middle (might be curved)

52
Q

Spirogyra

A

filament (linear)
unbranched
distinctive shape
spiral

53
Q

Micrasteus

A

unicell or colony
unicellular
no flagella
green
not round, appears to be divided in 2 halves
obvious constriction in the middle several lobes and secondary lobes

54
Q

Secendesmus

A 
unicell or colony
colony
nonmotile
not spherical 
has 2 or 4 cells with spiines on the corners

Bio 141 (46 decks)

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