Bio 141 Notes (4/24/14)

Question 1

When does DNA Synthesis happen?

Answer 1

interphase/ cell cycle

Question 2

origin of replication

Answer 2

ori

Question 3

Helicase

Answer 3

unwinds helix and separates strands

Question 4

Primer

Answer 4

-is required before replication can be produced
made of RNA
-short single stand piece

Question 5

Primase

Answer 5

synthesizes and RNA primer

Question 6

DNA Polymerase

Answer 6

adds nucleotides to 3’ end

Question 7

why is there leading and lagging strands of DNA

Answer 7

leading - proceeding the same direction DNA is being unwound and becoming available
lagging - little left behind needs a new primer

Question 8

Okazaki Fragments

Answer 8

DNA and primer meet

they don’t touch, there’s a gap

Question 9

DNA Polymerase III

Answer 9

synthesizes DNA over open sections

Question 10

DNA Polymerase I

Answer 10

synthesizes DNA to replace the RNA primer

Question 11

DNA ligase

Answer 11

joins adjacent strands to each other

Question 12

PCR

Answer 12

Polymerase chain reaction

• DNA amplification (very useful) (copying)
• ingredients - template, primers, dNTP, polymerase
• instead of helicase you can DNA to almost boiling

Question 13

PCR results

Answer 13

1 million times more DNA than you started with

• DNA is negatively charged
• all copies are the exact same length

Question 14

Mutations

Answer 14

changes in DNA lead to changes in proteins, etc.

arise from errors in copying

Question 15

Induced Mutations

Answer 15

some chemicals or environmental factors
mutegens
carcinogens

Question 16

Mutegens

Answer 16

cause mutations

Question 17

Carinogens

Answer 17

cause mutations that ultimately lead to cancer

Question 18

Central Dogma

Answer 18

DNA -> RNA -> Protein