Bio 141 Notes (1/30/2014) Flashcards
Fatty Acids
Saturated Unsaturated (double bonds)
First Law of Thermodynamics
Conservation of energy: cannot be created or destroyed (can be transferred)
ex. of biological transfer - energy comes from food, energy in food comes from photosynthesos
Chemical Enrergy
molecules retain some of the energy used to make them
Endergonic
reactions require energy imput
Exergonic
breakdown of molecules can release energy
reactions release energy
exit
Metabolism
The sum of all reactions in a particular organism
Anabolic
Simple -> Complex (build up)
Catabolic
Complex -> Simple (break down)
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Disorder tends to increase
energy transfer is inefficient
some energy escapes the heat
Calories
a unit of energy
originally determined using a ‘bomb calorimeter’
DNA and RNA consist of…
Nucleotides
Proteins (polypeptides) consist of …
amino acids
Nucleotide
simple unit
phosphate +5-C sugar + base
Bases contain two or more…
Nitrogen
often called ‘nitrogenous’
Pyrimidines
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)
RNA - Uracil (U)
1 ring shape
Purines
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
2 ring shape
Base Pairing
matching between neucleotide pairs
A - T
C - G
DNA
two complementary DNA strands
essentially duplicating the same strands
antiparallel
mRNA
messenger
copy instructions from DNA and convey them to the protein making ribose
tRNA
deliver amino acids to a developing protein in right order
rRNA
compose part of the ribose
RNA Secondary Structure
RNA folds back upon itself to yield a functional 3D molecule
