Bio 141 Notes (1/30/2014)

Question 1

Fatty Acids

Answer 1

Saturated
Unsaturated (double bonds)

Question 2

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 2

Conservation of energy: cannot be created or destroyed (can be transferred)
ex. of biological transfer - energy comes from food, energy in food comes from photosynthesos

Question 3

Chemical Enrergy

Answer 3

molecules retain some of the energy used to make them

Question 4

Endergonic

Answer 4

reactions require energy imput

Question 5

Exergonic

Answer 5

breakdown of molecules can release energy
reactions release energy
exit

Question 6

Metabolism

Answer 6

The sum of all reactions in a particular organism

Question 7

Anabolic

Answer 7

Simple -> Complex (build up)

Question 8

Catabolic

Answer 8

Complex -> Simple (break down)

Question 9

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 9

Disorder tends to increase
energy transfer is inefficient
some energy escapes the heat

Question 10

Calories

Answer 10

a unit of energy

originally determined using a ‘bomb calorimeter’

Question 11

DNA and RNA consist of…

Answer 11

Nucleotides

Question 12

Proteins (polypeptides) consist of …

Answer 12

amino acids

Question 13

Nucleotide

Answer 13

simple unit

phosphate +5-C sugar + base

Question 14

Bases contain two or more…

Answer 14

Nitrogen

often called ‘nitrogenous’

Question 15

Pyrimidines

Answer 15

Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)
RNA - Uracil (U)
1 ring shape

Question 16

Purines

Answer 16

Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
2 ring shape

Question 17

Base Pairing

Answer 17

matching between neucleotide pairs
A - T
C - G

Question 18

DNA

Answer 18

two complementary DNA strands
essentially duplicating the same strands
antiparallel

Question 19

mRNA

Answer 19

messenger

copy instructions from DNA and convey them to the protein making ribose

Question 20

tRNA

Answer 20

deliver amino acids to a developing protein in right order

Question 21

rRNA

Answer 21

compose part of the ribose

Question 22

RNA Secondary Structure

Answer 22

RNA folds back upon itself to yield a functional 3D molecule