Bio 141 Notes (3/04/14) Flashcards
Glycolysis
Glucose - > 2 pyruvate (2x 3-C)
Sugar breaking down
Step 1 of Glycolysis
energy investment phase
energy source - phosphate
phosphates are added to glucose
Step 2 of Glycolysis
sokit one 6-C molecule into two 3-C molecules
Where does gylcolysis take place?
Cytoplasm
Glycolysis yields…
2 NADH
Glycolysis genetates ____ ATP?
4
net gain - 2
Substrate - level Phosphorylation
involves the immediate transfer of phosphate between molecules via an enzyme
Step 3 of Glycolysis
NADH - temporary carrier
energy payoff phase
-yields 2 NADH
-substrate level phosphorylation
Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
Pyruvate Oxidation
Citric Acid Cycle
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Pyruvate oxidation
starts in cytoplasm
transport into mitochondrial matrix
One NADH produced
One carbon released as CO2
Pyruvate Oxidation Formula
Pyruvate (3-C) -> aceyl CoA + CO2 +NADH
Citric Acid Cycle
takes place in mitochondrial matrix
What releases electrons to membrane proteins?
NADH and FADH2
Oxidative Phosphorylation
NADH and FADH2 release electrons to membrane proteins
electron energy powers active transport
establishes a proton gradient
Electron Transport Chain
First Step of oxidative phsophorylation
makes the proton gradient
electons join with O2 and H+ to form water
oxygen serves as the ulltimate electron receptor
ATP Synthesis
Second Step of oxidative phsophorylation
uses the proton graident
fuels the major ATP yield of cellular respiration
one ATP produced for each H+ that crosses the membrane
Oxidation Phosphorylation
oxidation coupled with ATP production
Energy Carrier
NADH, FADH, NADPH
Energy carriers in oxidized forms
NAD+, FAD, NADP+
Potential for energy
High concentration
hydrogen ions are mutually repulsive
