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Nutrition And Metabolism > Proteins Metabolism > Flashcards

Proteins Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

Protein deficiency but adequate calories

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2
Q

Famine edema

A

Inadequate synthesis of plasma proteins, mostly albumin, so fluid escape into tissues

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3
Q

Marasmus

A

Protein energy malnutrition
Protein calorie deficiency
Starvation

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4
Q

Protein malnutrition causes in developed countries

A 
Prégnant and lactating mothers 
Eating disorders 
Alcoholism 
Drug addicts 
Hospital patients 
Elderly and chronically ill
Genetic disorders
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5
Q

Essential amino acids

A

Mnemonic PVT TIM HALL

Arg
His
Île
Leu
Lys
Met
Phy
Thr
Trp 
Val
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6
Q

Non essential amino acids

A 
Ala
Asn 
Asp
Cys 
Glu 
Gln 
Gly 
Pro 
Ser 
Tyr
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7
Q

Amino acids requirements

A

No significant storage

Depends on age sex and activity

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8
Q

2 fates of amino acids degradation

A

Amino acids can produce NH4 or carbon skeleton

NH4 can

  • enter biosynthesis of AA, nucleotides, amines
  • enter urea cycle

Carbon skeleton become a-ketoacids which can enter citric acid cycle —> OAA can be formed and undergo gluconeogenesis

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9
Q

What is glycogenic AA

A

Product of AA degradation can enter gluconeogenesis

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10
Q

Ketogenic AA degradation

A

Ketogenic AA degradation products are intermediates of lipid metabolism or ketone bodies

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11
Q

AA purely ketogenic

A

Leucine

Lysine

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12
Q

AA both ketogenic and glucogenic

A

Isoleucine
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
Tryptophan

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13
Q

Products of glucogenic AA breakdown

A 
Pyruvate 
a-ketoglutarate
Succinyl coa 
Fumarate 
OAA
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14
Q

Products of ketogenic AA breakdown

A

Acetyl coa

Acetoacetate

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15
Q

Healthy adult nitrogen balance

A

Excretion of nitrogen equals intake

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16
Q

4 majors reaction of AA

A

Transamination

Oxidative deamination

Decarboxylation

Transdeamination

17
Q

Transamination

A

Transfer of NH2 to form another AA

18
Q

Enzyme in transamination

A

Transaminase

AA1+ aketoacid 2<===> aketoacid1+ AA 2

19
Q

Transaminase cofactor

A

Pyridoxal phosphate derived from vit b6

20
Q

Major AA In AA metabolism

A

aketoglutarate
Gln
Glutamate

21
Q

Most abundant AA serving as neural transport and storage form of ammonia

A

Glutamine

22
Q

Glutamate dehydrogenase action

A

Glutamate + NADP+ H2O <==> aketoglutarate+ NADPH + NH4+

23
Q

Glutamine synthétase action

A

Glutamate + ATP + NH4+ —-> glutamine + ADP + pi

24
Q

Glutaminase action

A

Glutamine —-> glutamate

25
Q

Amino Acid oxidase

A

Amino acid + FAD + H2O —-> aketo acid +NH3 + FADH2

FADH2 + O2 —-catalase—> FAD + H2O2

26
Q

Decarboxylation

A

CO2 removed from glutamate to form GABA

27
Q

Transdeamination

A

Coupling of aminotransferase with glutamate dehydrogenase

Lead to formation of pyruvate

28
Q

Tryptophan metabolized to

A

Alanine
Acetyl coa
CO2
Formate

Small amount to serotonin , niacin, melatonin

29
Q

AA precursors of

A

Protein synthesis

Active metabolites

Metabolic fuels

30
Q

Serotonin

A

Neurotransmitter which impacts behavior such as appetite , aggression, sleep, sensory perception, depression

Potent vasoconstrictir of
Blood vessels’

Helps in circadian cycle

31
Q

Antidepressants that inhibits serotonin reuptake

A

Paxil
Prozac
Zoloft

32
Q

…… is a structural agonist that potential es effect of serotonin

A

LSD

33
Q

Hartnups disease

A

Defect in transportation or absorption of AA in intestines
Defect in reabsorption un renal tubules of kidney
High urine concentration of essential amino acids

Symptoms :
Hereditary pellagra like skin rash
Cerebellar ataxia temporary
Constant renal amino aciduria

3 D
Dermatitis
Dementia (20%)
Diarrhea

34
Q

Direct source of ammonia in liver

A

Glutamate
Glutamine ( from other tissues)
Alanine ( from muscles )

35
Q

Major contributor to waste nitrogen

A

Muscle

36
Q

Nitrogen waste products

A

Urea in vertebrates

Uric acid in birds and reptiles

37
Q

Carbamoyl phosphate synthesis and entry into urea cycle

A

HCO3- + NH4+ gives carbamoyl phosphate

Nutrition And Metabolism (17 decks)

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