Gluconeogenesis

Question 1

Gluconeogenic precursors

Answer 1

Glycerol
Lactate
Amino acids
Pyruvate

Question 2

Pyruvate carboxylation

Answer 2

Pyruvate to OAA (pyruvate carboxylase with biotin, activated by acetyl coa)

Question 3

OAA decarboxylation

Answer 3

OAA to PEP ( PEP carboxykinase) ; sometimes require Malate dehydrogenase to form malate that can go into cytosol and then convert it back to OAAso that PEP can be formed

Question 4

Organs that demand constant glucose supply

Answer 4

Brain
Exercising muscles 
RBC
Kidney 
Medulla testes 
Lens 
Cornea

Question 5

Location of gluconeogenesis

Answer 5

Liver

Question 6

Precursors in cori cycle

Answer 6

Lactate

Question 7

Cori cycle

Answer 7

In the muscles
Glucose -> pyruvate -> lactate

Lactate goes to liver

Lactate -> pyruvate -> glucose

Question 8

Glycerol -> glucose pathway

Answer 8

TGs hydrolysis -> glycerol in blood -> glycerol to liver -> glycerol kinase produce glycerol phosphate -> glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase produce dihydroxyacetone phosphate -> glucose 6 pi -> glucose

Question 9

Amino acid -> glucose pathway

Answer 9

Glucogenic amino acids -> pyruvate or TCA intermediate -> OAA -> PEP -> glucose

Question 10

Major source of glucose during prolonged fasting

Answer 10

Amino acids

Question 11

Alternative steps In gluconeogenesis to the three irreversible steps

Answer 11

Pyruvate carboxylase which forms Oxaloacetate from pyruvate

Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase convert OAA to PEP (GTP required )

Fructose bisphosphatase (FBP) convert glucose 1,6 biphosphate to fructose 6 pi

Glucose 6 phosphatase which forms Glucose from glucose6phosphate

Question 12

Cofactor of pyruvate carboxylase

Answer 12

Biotin

ATP

Question 13

How does oxaloacetate get into the cytosol to continue gluconeogenesis

Answer 13

Malate shuttle

Question 14

FBP inhibited by

Answer 14

AMP

fructose 2,6 bisphosphate