Bioenergetics

Question 1

Cells use energy for

Answer 1

Motility 
Pumping of molecules across membrane 
Maintaining temperature 
Cell growth and division
Secreting molecules 
Sending signals 
synthesize or degrade molecules 
Energy to do work

Question 2

Metabolism

Answer 2

Sum of all chemical reactions that take place in a cell or organism

Question 3

Catabolism is exergonic or endergonic

Answer 3

Exergonic oxidation

Question 4

Anabolism is exergonic or endergonic

Answer 4

Endergonic process

Question 5

Energy containing nutrients

Answer 5

Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins

Question 6

Energy depleted end products

Answer 6

CO2
NH3
H2O

Question 7

Precursors molecules

Answer 7

Amino acids
Fatty acids
Sugars
Nitrogenous bases

Question 8

Cell macromolecules

Answer 8

Proteins
Polysaccharides
Lipids
Nucleic acid

Question 9

Form of energy produced during catabolism

Answer 9

ATP
NADH
MADPH
FADH2

Question 10

Property of metabolic pathways

Answer 10

Overall irreversible
Separate catabolic and anabolic pathways
Has a first committed step close from equilibrium
Regulation occurring mostly at first committed step which becomes rate limiting step
Compartmentation requiring transport system

Question 11

Factors affecting enzyme amount

Answer 11

Transcription
Translation
MRNA stability
Protein stability

Question 12

Factors affecting enzyme activity

Answer 12

Metabolites 
Active site inhibitors 
Allosteric modulators
ATP/ADP energy status 
NADH / NAD+
Phosphorylation state

Question 13

Racemization

Answer 13

Change of stereochemistry at chiral center

Question 14

Epimerization

Answer 14

Change stereochemistry at one carbon center in molecule with more than one chiral carbon

Question 15

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 15

Total energy of system with surrounding is constant

Energy is not lost nor gained but transferred

Question 16

Second law thermodynamics

Answer 16

When process occur spontaneously, entropy increases

Question 17

Entropy

Answer 17

Extent of disorder or randomness of system

Question 18

🔺G = 🔺H-T🔺S

Answer 18

G Gibbs free energy

Question 19

🔺H=🔺U+P🔺V

Answer 19

U is internal energy
H enthalpy
S entropy

Question 20

How is G when reaction can proceed

Answer 20

Negative

Question 21

If 🔺H positive and 🔺S negative , can the reaction occur

Answer 21

NO AT ALL TEMPERATURE

Question 22

🔺G = 🔺G0+ RT ln(product1^n* product2^n/ reactants1^n*reactants

Answer 22

Skis