Alcohol Metabolism Flashcards
Where is alcohol absorbed
Small intestine
Is alcohol absorption faster on an empty stomach on full stomach
Faster on empty stomach
Is first bears metabolism higher in men or women
Higher in men which is why they support alcohol better
Why does an increase in alcohol concentration also increase the rate of diffusion into blood
Because absorption is done by passive diffusion so rely on a concentration gradient
Main location of alcohol metabolism in the body
The liver (major) Lining of stomach
Alcohol metabolism pathway
Alcohol dehydrogenase converts ethanol to acetaldehyde ( NAD+ and zinc used )
Acetaldehyde can go to the blood and act as toxic agent (hangover effect)
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase converts acetaldehyde to acetate
Acetyl coA Synthase converts acetate to acetyl CoA
Acetyl coa form malonyl coa which helps form fatty acid
Alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme classes
Class I - high affinity to ethanol
Class II - important at high alcohol level
Class III - used at even higher alcohol level
Alcohol flush syndrome or Asian flush syndrome
Deficiency in acetaldehyde dehydrogenase which leads to acetaldehyde buildup and release of cathecolamines
10% of alcohol metabolism is…
Microsomal oxidation system in liver
Microsomal oxidation system pathway
CYP2E1 acts on ethanol to produce acetaldehyde ( ROS free)
CYP2E1 and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase act on acetaldehyde to produce acetate
Acetate gives acetyl coa by acetyl coa synthase
Consequences of alcohol metabolism
High NADH => Glycolysis is dysregulated (Fermentation is increased leading to lactic acid buildup)
TCE Cycle is altered => Oxaloacetate synthesis inhibited
Suppression of gluconeogenesis => Risk of hypoglycemia
Acetyl coa increases fatty acids formation => TGs increase => fatty liver disease
Drug toxic with alcohol
Metronidazole
