PROTEINS Flashcards
1
Q
is a naturally-occurring, unbranched polymer in which the monomer units are amino acids
A
protein
2
Q
are most abundant molecules in the cells after water
A
Proteins
3
Q
they account for about 15% of a cell’s overall mass
A
Proteins
4
Q
Elemental composition of proteins
A
Contain Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H),
Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), and Sulfur (S)
5
Q
The average nitrogen content of proteins is —– by mass
A
15.4%
6
Q
Also present are Iron (Fe), phosphorus (P) and some other metals in some specialized
A
proteins
7
Q
monomer of proteins
A
amino acids
8
Q
2 types of peptide
A
monomeric
multimeric
9
Q
Contains
one polypeptide chain
A
Monomeric
10
Q
Contains 2
or polypeptide chains
A
Multimeric
11
Q
2 Protein Classification Based on Chemical Composition
A
Simple proteins
Conjugated (complex) proteins
12
Q
A protein in which only amino acid residues are present
A
Simple proteins
13
Q
here, More than one protein subunit may be present but all subunits contain only amino acids
A
Simple proteins
14
Q
in Simple proteins More than one protein subunit may be present but all
subunits contain only ———–
A
amino acids
15
Q
3 kinds of simple proteins
A
Globulins
Histones
Albuminoids
16
Q
they are Antibodies
A
Globulins
17
Q
Chromatin in chromosomes
A
Histones
18
Q
keratin in skin, hair, nails and collagen in cartilage
A
Albuminoids
19
Q
A protein that has one or more non-amino acid entities (prosthetic groups) present in its structure:
A
Conjugated (complex) proteins
20
Q
they may be organic or inorganic
A
Prosthetic group
21
Q
each red blood cell contains several hundred million —– molecules
A
hemoglobin molecules
22
Q
molecules which transport oxygen
A
hemoglobin
23
Q
oxygen binds to —- on the hemoglobin molecule
A
heme
24
Q
oxygen binds to heme on the — —–
A
hemoglobin molecule
25
prosthetic group of hemoproteins
heme unit
26
prosthetic group of lipoproteins
lipid
27
prosthetic group of glycoproteins
carbohydrate
28
prosthetic group of phosphproteins
phosphate group
29
prosthetic group of nuceloproteins
nucleic acid
30
prosthetic group of metalloproteins
metal ions
31
5 Protein Classification Based on Shape
- Fibrous Proteins: Alpha-Keratin & Collagen
- Globular Proteins: Myoglobin & Hemoglobin
- Hemoglobin
- Enzymes
- Antibodies
32
classification of Alpha-Keratin & Collagen
Fibrous Proteins
33
The polypeptide chains are arranged in long strands or sheets
Fibrous Proteins: Alpha-Keratin & Collagen
34
Have long, rod-shaped or string-like molecules that can intertwine
with one another and form strong fibers;
Fibrous Proteins: Alpha-Keratin & Collagen
35
are for Structural functions
Fibrous Proteins: Alpha-Keratin & Collagen
35
are water-insoluble
Fibrous Proteins: Alpha-Keratin & Collagen
36
it is when the polypeptide chains are folded into spherical or globular shapes
Globular Proteins: Myoglobin & Hemoglobin
37
Nonpolar amino acids are in the interior, polar amino acids are on the
surface
Globular Proteins: Myoglobin & Hemoglobin
38
Nonpolar amino acids are in the
interior
39
are on the
surface
polar amino acids
40
polar amino acids are on the
surface
41
they are Water-soluble
Globular Proteins: Myoglobin & Hemoglobin
42
which allows them to travel through the blood and other body fluids to sites where their activity is needed
Water-soluble
43
Water-soluble which allows them to travel through the blood and
other body fluids to sites where their activity is needed
Globular Proteins: Myoglobin & Hemoglobin
44
for Dynamic functions
Globular Proteins: Myoglobin & Hemoglobin
45
classification of Myoglobin & Hemoglobin
Globular Proteins
46
A protein in red
blood cells that carries oxygen.
Hemoglobin
47
Biological catalysts
that speed up chemical reactions.
Enzymes
48
breaks down
starch into sugars.
amylase
49
example of enzymes
amylase
50
Proteins that
recognize and bind to foreign
substances
Antibodies
51
helps to protect the
body from infections.
Antibodies
52
they are insoluble proteins
fibrous proteins
53
found in wool, feathers, hooves, silk, and fingernails
keratin
54
found in tendon, bone, and other connective tissue
collagens
55
found in blood vessels and ligaments
elastins
56
found in muscle tissue
myosins
57
found in blood clots
fibrin
58
they are soluble proteins
globular proteins
59
regalotaory hormone for controlling glucose metabolism
insulin
60
involved in oxygen storage in muscles
myoglobin
61
involved in oxygen transport in blood
hemoglobin
62
involved in iron transport in blood
transferrin
63
involved in immune system responses
immunoglobulins
64
Proteins play crucial roles in most
biochemical processes
65
play crucial roles in most biochemical processes.
Proteins
66
protein structure
scaffold to support and position active site
67
2 active sites
binding sites
catalytic site
68
bind and orient substrate(s)
Binding sites
69
it reduce chemical activation energy
Catalytic site
70
they are scaffold to support and position active site
protein structure
71
10 Major Categories of Proteins Based on Function
Catalytic proteins:
Defense proteins:
Transport proteins:
Messenger proteins:
Contractile proteins:
Structural proteins:
Transmembrane proteins:
Storage proteins:
Regulatory proteins:
Nutrient proteins:
72
are best known for their catalytic role.
Enzymes
73
Enzymes are best known for their catalytic role.
Catalytic proteins:
74
Almost every chemical reaction in the body is driven by an
enzyme
75
Catalytic proteins:
Enzymes
76
2 Defense proteins:
Immunoglobulins or antibodies
77
are central to
functioning of the body’s immune system.
Immunoglobulins or antibodies
78
Bind small biomolecules,
Transport proteins:
79
transport them to other locations in the body and release them
on demand.
Transport proteins:
80
transmit signals to coordinate biochemical
processes between different cells, tissues, and organs.
Messenger proteins:
81
3 examples of Messenger proteins:
Insulin and glucagon
Human growth hormone
82
they regulate carbohydrate metabolism
Insulin and glucagon
83
they regulate body growth
Human growth hormone
84
a protein produced by the immune system in response to the presence of an antigen
antibody
85
an antibody is a protein produced by the immune system in response to the presence of an --------
antigen
86
Necessary for all forms of movement.
Contractile proteins:
87
Muscles contain filament-like contractile proteins like
actin and myosin
88
Human reproduction depends on the movement of
sperm
89
movement of sperm – possible because of
contractile proteins
90
Confer stiffness and rigidity
Structural proteins:
91
2 types Structural proteins:
Collagen
Keratin
92
is a component of cartilage
Collagen
93
gives mechanical strength as well as protective covering to hair,
fingernails, feathers, hooves, etc.
Keratin
94
they Span a cell membrane and help control
the movement of small molecules and ions.
Transmembrane proteins:
95
Have channels
Transmembrane proteins:
96
– help molecules to enter and exist the cell.
Transmembrane proteins:
97
is very selective - allow passage of one type of
molecule or ion.
Transport
98
Bind (and store) small molecules.
Storage proteins:
99
2 types of Storage proteins:
Ferritin
Myoglobin
100
an iron-storage protein
ferritin
101
saves iron for use in the biosynthesis of new hemoglobin molecules.
Ferritin
102
an oxygen-storage protein present in muscle
Myoglobin
103
Often found “embedded” in the exterior surface of cell
membranes
Regulatory proteins:
104
act as sites for receptor molecules
Regulatory proteins:
105
controlling enzymatic action.
Regulatory proteins:
106
Often the molecules that bind to enzymes (catalytic proteins), thereby
turning them “on” and “off,” and thus controlling enzymatic action.
Regulatory proteins:
107
Particularly important in the early stages of life
Nutrient proteins:
108
Particularly important in the early stages of life - from embryo to infant.
Nutrient proteins:
109
2 examples/types of Nutrient proteins:
Casein
ovalalbumin
110
(milk)
Casein
111
(egg white)
ovalalbumin
112
are nutrient proteins
Casein
ovalalbumin
113
also provide immunological protection for mammalian
young.
Milk
114
Milk also provide immunological protection for
mammalian young
