Membrane Lipids: Phospholipids

Question 1

are surrounded by a
membrane that confines their
contents.

Answer 1

cells

Question 2

Up to —— of the mass of a cell
membrane can be lipid materials
dominated by phospholipids.

Answer 2

80%

Question 3

Up to 80% of the mass of a cell
membrane can be lipid materials
dominated by

Answer 3

phospholipids

Question 4

contains one or more fatty acids, a phosphate group, a platform molecule

Answer 4

Phospholipid:

Question 5

(glycerol or sphingosine)

Answer 5

platform molecule

Question 6

to which the fatty acid(s) and the phosphate group are attached, and an alcohol that is attached to the phosphate group.

Answer 6

platform molecule

Question 7

is a lipid that contains two fatty acids and a
phosphate group esterified to a glycerol molecule and an alcohol esterified to the phosphate group.

Answer 7

glycerophospholipid

Question 8

All attachments (bonds) between groups in a
glycerophospholipid are linked via

Answer 8

ester linkages

Question 9

have four ester linkages as contrasted to
three ester linkages in triacylglycerols.

Answer 9

Glycerophospholipids

Question 10

Two hydrophobic
tails that repel water and are
derived from fatty acids.

Answer 10

Fatty Acids

Question 11

A three-carbon
molecule that serves as the
backbone to which the fatty acids
are attached.

Answer 11

Glycerol

Question 12

A hydrophilic
head that attracts water, attached to
the glycerol.

Answer 12

Phosphate Group

Question 13

Attached to the
phosphate group, contributing to
the head’s polarity.

Answer 13

Choline

Question 14

although similar to
triacylglycerols, they have different biochemical functions.

Answer 14

glycerophospholipids

Question 15

serve as energy storage molecules

Answer 15

Triacylglycerols

Question 16

function as components of cell
membranes

Answer 16

Glycerophospholipids

Question 17

A major structural difference between the tricylglycerols and glycerophospholipids of lipids is that of their

Answer 17

“polarity”

Question 18

Responsible for the tricylglycerols and glycerophospholipids differing biochemical
functions.

Answer 18

“polarity”

Question 19

are a non-polar

Answer 19

Triacylglycerols

Question 20

are polar.

Answer 20

Glycerophospholipids

Question 21

Structures based on the 18-carbon monounsaturated aminodialcohol

Answer 21

Sphingophospholipids

Question 22

18-carbon monounsaturated aminodialcohol

Answer 22

sphingosine

Question 23

Contains one fatty acid and one phosphate group attached to a sphingosine molecule and an alcohol attached to the phosphate group

Answer 23

Sphingophospholipids

Question 24

in sphingophospholipids it is A long-chain base that forms the backbone of the molecule.

Answer 24

sphingosine

Question 25

Attached to sphingosine through an amide linkage, contributing to the molecule’s hydrophobic properties.

Answer 25

fatty acid

Question 26

fatty acids is Attached to sphingosine through an

Answer 26

amide linkage

Question 27

phosphate group and alcohol group is attached to sphingosine via what linkage

Answer 27

ester linkage

Question 28

Typically choline, attached to the phosphate group in sphingophopholipids

Answer 28

alcohol group

Question 29

what group is Linked to the fatty acid, it has a negative charge and is hydrophilic in a sphingophospholipid

Answer 29

phosphate group

Question 30

it is an example of Saponifiable lipids

Answer 30

Sphingophospholipids

Question 31

in which the alcohol esterified to the phosphate group is choline are called sphingomyelins. plays a role in signal transmission and cell recognition

Answer 31

Sphingophospholipids

Question 32

Sphingophospholipids in which the alcohol esterified to the phosphate group is choline are called

Answer 32

sphingomyelins

Question 33

plays a role in signal transmission and cell recognition

Answer 33

sphingomyelins

Question 34

are found in all cell membranes and are important structural components of the myelin sheath of neurons

Answer 34

Sphingomyelins

Question 35

Sphingomyelins are found in all cell membranes and are important structural components of the

Answer 35

myelin sheath of neurons

Question 36

Contains both a fatty acid and carbohydrate

Answer 36

Sphingoglycolipids:

Question 37

are called cerebrosides:

Answer 37

Simple sphingoglycolipids

Question 38

Simple sphingoglycolipids are called

Answer 38

cerebrosides

Question 39

contains a single monosaccharide unit - either glucose or galactose

Answer 39

cerebrosides

Question 40

They occur primarily in brain (7% of dry mass)

Answer 40

Sphingoglycolipids

Question 41

Complex sphingoglycolipids are called

Answer 41

Gangliosides:

Question 42

are called Gangliosides:

Answer 42

Complex sphingoglycolipids

Question 43

contain a branched chain of up to seven monosaccharide residues.

Answer 43

Gangliosides:

Question 44

Occur in the gray matter of the brain as well as in the myelin sheath.

Answer 44

Gangliosides

Question 45

Core structure of gangliosides which provides stability and anchors the ganglioside in the cell membrane.

Answer 45

ceramide

Question 46

are abundant in nerve cells (neurons) and play roles in cell signaling, especially in the nervous system.

Answer 46

Gangliosides

Question 47

They form lipid rafts, specialized regions in the cell membrane where specific proteins cluster for signaling and transport.

Answer 47

Gangliosides

Question 48

helps in Immune response and cell development.

Answer 48

Gangliosides