additonal notes

Question 1

is a functional group that is always present in a carbohydrate molecule

Answer 1

Hydroxyl

Question 2

the complete hydrolysis of polysaccharides produce many —–

Answer 2

monosaccharides

Question 3

is the handedness in molecules

Answer 3

Chirality

Question 4

a form of isomerism

Answer 4

handedness

Question 5

is when compounds have the same molecular formula but is structurally different

Answer 5

isomerism

Question 6

2 kinds of mirror images in chirality

Answer 6

superimposable mirror images
non-superimposable mirror images

Question 7

coincide at all points when the images are laid upon each other

Answer 7

Superimposable mirror images

Question 8

not all points coincide when the images are laid upon each other

Answer 8

non-superimposable mirror images

Question 9

exists in left and right-handed forms

Answer 9

non-superimposable mirror images

Question 10

is the structural requirement for handedness

Answer 10

Chirality

Question 11

is the presence of carbon atom that has four different groups bonded to it in a tetrahedral orientation

Answer 11

Chirality

Question 12

a molecule that has a chiral center

Answer 12

chiral

Question 13

whose mirror images are nonsuperimposable

Answer 13

chiral molecule

Question 14

whose mirror images are superimposable

Answer 14

achiral molecule

Question 15

gives forms that are biologically active, each form giving a different property, effectiveness , response

Answer 15

chirality

Question 16

have the same molecular and structural formula but differ in the orientation of atoms in space

Answer 16

stereoisomers

Question 17

the stability of a molecule’s structure or how resistant it is to changes in shapes

Answer 17

structural rigidity

Question 18

are stereoisomers whose mirror images are nonsuperimposable

Answer 18

Enantiomers

Question 19

stereoisomers whose molecules are not mirror images of each other

Answer 19

Diastereoisomers

Question 20

a 2-dimensional structural notation for showing the spatian arrangement of groups about chiral centers in molecules

Answer 20

Fischer projection formula

Question 21

are diastereomers whose molecules differ only in the configuration at one chiral center

Answer 21

Epimers

Question 22

a compound that rotates the plane of polarized light

Answer 22

Optically active compound

Question 23

a chiral compound that rotates the plane of polarized light in clockwise direction

Answer 23

Dextrorotatory

Question 24

a chiral compound that rotates the plne of polarized light in a counterclockwise direction

Answer 24

Levorotatory compound

Question 25

a compound with aldehyde functional group

Answer 25

Aldose

Question 26

a compound with ketone functional group

Answer 26

Ketose

Question 27

a general designation for monosaccharide and disaccharides

Answer 27

sugar

Question 28

are hormones that keep glucose blood concentrations within normal range (70-100 mg/dL)

Answer 28

Insulin and Glucagon

Question 29

the hemiacteal carbon atom present in a cyclic monosaccharide structure

Answer 29

Anomeric carbon atom

Question 30

Cyclic monosaccharide formation always produces two steroisomers which are ---

Answer 30

alpha form and beta form

Question 31

it is when teh OH group is at the opposite side

Answer 31

a or alpha form

Question 32

it is when the OH group is at the same side

Answer 32

b or beta form

Question 33

Galactose and Glucose forms what kind of membered ring

Answer 33

six-membered ring / pyranose

Question 34

it forms a six-membered or pyranose ring

Answer 34

Galactose and Glucose

Question 35

D-fructose and D-ribose form what kind membered ring

Answer 35

five-membered ring or furanose ring

Question 36

what forms a five-membered or furanose ring

Answer 36

D-fructose and D-ribose

Question 37

these 3 are hexoses

Answer 37

Glucose Fructose Galactose

Question 38

these 3 are aldoses

Answer 38

Glucose Galactose RIbose

Question 39

these 2 cyclic form has a five-membered ring

Answer 39

fructose ribose

Question 40

these 4 compounds' cyclic form exists in alpha and beta forms

Answer 40

glucose fructose galactose ribose

Question 41

a two-dimenstional structural notation that specifies the three-dimensional structure of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide

Answer 41

Haworth projection formula