Structure and Classification of Lipids

Question 1

An organic compound found in living organisms that is insoluble
(or only sparingly soluble) in water but soluble in non-polar
organic solvents.

Answer 1

Lipids

Question 2

do not have a common structural
features that serves as the basis for defining such compounds.

Answer 2

lipids

Question 3

two methods of classification of lipids

Answer 3

– Biochemical function
– Saponification

Question 4

(hydrolysis under basic conditions)

Answer 4

Saponification

Question 5

6 categories of lipids
based on their biochemical function:

Answer 5

– Energy-storage lipids
– Membrane lipids
– Emulsification lipids
– Chemical messenger lipids
– Protective-coating lipids
– Transport lipids

Question 6

a type of Energy-storage lipids

Answer 6

triacylglycerols

Question 7

3 types of Membrane lipids

Answer 7

phospholipids, sphingoglycolipids, and cholesterol

Question 8

a type of Emulsification lipids

Answer 8

bile acids

Question 9

2 types of Chemical messenger lipids

Answer 9

steroid hormones and eicosanoids

Question 10

a type of Protective-coating lipids

Answer 10

biological waxes

Question 11

a type of Transport lipids

Answer 11

lipoproteins

Question 12

Hydrolysis reaction that occurs in a basic
solution.

Answer 12

Saponification/Saponification reaction:

Question 13

Based on saponification reactions lipids are divided into two categories:

Answer 13

Saponifiable lipids
Nonsaponifiable lipids

Question 14

5 types of Saponifiable lipids

Answer 14

triacylglycerols
phospholipids,
sphingoglycolipids,
cholesterol
biological waxes

Question 15

3 types of Nonsaponifiable lipids

Answer 15

bile acids
steroid hormones
eicosanoids

Question 16

they exhibit structural
diversity

Answer 16

Lipids

Question 17

Some are esters, some are amides, and some are alcohols (acyclic and cyclic) and some are polycyclic.

Answer 17

Lipids

Question 18

are naturally occurring monocarboxylic acids

Answer 18

Fatty acids

Question 19

3 types of carbon atom chain length

Answer 19

– Long chain fatty acids: C12 - C26
– Medium chain fatty acids: C6 - C11
– Short-chain fatty acids: C4- C5

Question 20

2 types of fatty acids

Answer 20

Saturated
Unsaturated

Question 21

when all C-C bonds are single bonds

Answer 21

Saturated

Question 22

2 types of Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 22

Monounsaturated
Polyunsaturated:

Question 23

an unsaturated fatty acid with one C=C bond

Answer 23

Monounsaturated:

Question 24

an unsaturated fatty acids with 2 or more C=C bonds present - up to six double bonds are present in fatty acids

Answer 24

Polyunsaturated:

Question 25

a Fatty acid with a carbon chain in which all C-C bonds are single bonds

Answer 25

Saturated Fatty Acids

Question 26

Numbering starts from the end of -COOH group

Answer 26

Saturated Fatty Acids

Question 27

Saturated Fatty Acids Numbering starts from the end of

Answer 27

-COOH group

Question 28

it indicates number of C atoms

Answer 28

Structural notation:

Question 29

has 12 C atoms and no double bonds so it is (12:0)

Answer 29

Lauric acid

Question 30

is a fatty acid with a carbon chain in which one carbon–carbon double bond is present.

Answer 30

monounsaturated fatty acid

Question 31

is a fatty acid with a carbon chain in which two or more carbon–carbon double bonds are present.

Answer 31

polyunsaturated fatty acid

Question 32

how many double bonds are found in biochemically important PUFAs.

Answer 32

six double bonds

Question 33

Two types of unsaturated fatty acids.

Answer 33

Omega (ω)-3 fatty acids Omega (ω)-6 fatty acid

Question 34

An unsaturated fatty acid with its endmost double bond three carbon atoms away from its methyl end.

Answer 34

Omega (ω)-3 fatty acids

Question 35

is an unsaturated fatty acid with its endmost double bond six carbon atoms away from its methyl end.

Answer 35

Omega (ω)-6 fatty acid

Question 36

are Essential Fatty Acids and Must be part of diet

Answer 36

Omega Acids

Question 37

Linolenic acid

Answer 37

Omega-3

Question 38

Linoleic acid

Answer 38

Omega-6

Question 39

Omega-3

Answer 39

Linolenic acid

Question 40

Omega-6

Answer 40

Linoleic acid

Question 41

4 Linoleic Acid Deficiency causes:

Answer 41

– Skin redness - becomes irritated – Infections and dehydration – Liver abnormalities – Human milk has more than cow’s milk

Question 42

# [](http://) is an unsaturated fatty acid with its endmost doubl bond three carbon atoms away from its methyl end

Answer 42

omega-3 fatty acid

Question 43

is an unsaturated fatty acid with its endmost double bond six carbon atoms away from its methyl end

Answer 43

omega-6 fatty acids

Question 44

an omega that reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases and help regulate key chmicals in the brain that affect the mood

Answer 44

omega-3

Question 45

an omega which reduces the risk of heart diseases help maintain cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of cancer

Answer 45

omega-6

Question 46

an omega thatis plant based sources include seaweed, chia seeds, flaxseeds, walnuts, kidney, beans, soy foods, pumpkin seeds

Answer 46

omega-3

Question 47

the omega which is found in vegetable oils including corn, palm fruit, primrose seed, soybean oils, safflower oil, and sunflower seeds

Answer 47

omega-6

Question 48

an omega which reduces the risk of inflammation

Answer 48

omega-3

Question 49

an omega which can cause inflammation

Answer 49

omega-6

Question 50

the omega which dilates blood vessels and thins blood

Answer 50

omega 3

Question 51

the omega which constricts blood vessels and increases blood clotting

Answer 51

omega 6

Question 52

Carboxylic acids with linear (unbranched) carbon chain

Answer 52

monocarboxylic acids