proteins

Question 1

elements found in all proteins

Answer 1

CHON

Question 2

monomer of proteins

Answer 2

amino acids

Question 3

common parts of amino acids

Answer 3

amine group, central carbon, hydrogen, carboxyl

Question 4

parts of AA that differ

Answer 4

R group, hydrophobic or hydrophilic (polar or nonpolar), + or - charge

Question 5

describe a carboxyl

Answer 5

COOH, O=C-OH

Question 6

describe amine group

Answer 6

H2N, H-N-H

Question 7

how does the shape of proteins react for hydrophobic/hydrophilic amino acids?

Answer 7

hydrophilic amino acids surround/fold around the hydrophobic amino acids

Question 8

what occurs to form protein polymer

Answer 8

dehydration synthesis between carboxyl and amine group, forming peptide bonds between 2 amino acids

Question 9

Defensive (internal defense) protein

Answer 9

identifying and killing disease causing organisms or particles, ex: antibodies- combats bacteria/viruses

Question 10

Motor proteins (Movement/contractile)

Answer 10

contractile helps muscles move, ex: muscles

Question 11

Enzymatic (Catalytic/digestive) proteins

Answer 11

speed up chem reactions, biological catalyst, ex: digestive enzymes- hydrolysis of polymers

Question 12

Chemical messengers/peptide hormones (Regulation) proteins

Answer 12

chem messengers to coordinate activity & signal change, ex- insulin:helps regulate concentration of sugars in blood

Question 13

structural proteins

Answer 13

provides physical support and protection, ex- collagen, elastin- animal connective tissue, keratin- hair, horn, feathers

Question 14

transport proteins

Answer 14

carry around substances in body/membrane, ex: hemoglobin transports oxygen through blood

Question 15

storage proteins

Answer 15

allows organisms to store AA as “food” for developing embryos, ex: egg whites- storage proteins, developing chick

Question 16

how is one protein diff from another

Answer 16

diff sequence/structure of AA= diff functions

Question 17

how do proteins get their unique 3D shape

Answer 17

the shape is determined by the # and order of AA

Question 18

what does it mean for a protein to be denatured

Answer 18

unfolding of proteins, destroying the shape

Question 19

causes of denaturing of proteins

Answer 19

change of temp or pH (acidity)

Question 20

how does change of temp/pH make proteins denature

Answer 20

proteins are suited for specific environments, so with changes of pH or temp, it changes the shape of protein causing it to denature

Question 21

name of protein polymers and describe their shape

Answer 21

polypeptide, unique 3D globular shape

Question 22

describe primary structure

Answer 22

straight chain of AA (polypeptide), order & shape of AA determines func

Question 23

describe secondary structure

Answer 23

alpha helix winds up and beta pleated sheets fold, held by hydrogen bonds

Question 24

describe tertiary structure

Answer 24

helix or beta pleated sheets wraps around itself, making a 3D globular shape

Question 25

describe quaternary structure

Answer 25

2 or more 3 degree proteins wrap around each other