Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

honors bio > biochemistry > Flashcards

biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Why are lipids not true polymers?

A

They don’t have repeating subunits (monomers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What elements are found in all proteins?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the monomer of proteins?

A

Amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the common parts of amino acids?

A

Amine group, carboxyl group, hydrogen atom, R group, central carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What takes place to form a protein polymer?

A

Dehydration synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do amino acids differ from one another?

A

By their different R groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of defensive proteins?

A

Identifying/killing disease-causing organisms or particles, e.g., antibodies combat bacteria/viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of motor proteins?

A

Contractile, helps muscles, e.g., muscles mode of action in myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of enzymatic proteins?

A

Speed up chemical reactions, biological catalysts, ex: digestive enzymes- hydrolysis polymers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of peptide hormones?

A

Chemical messengers to coordinate functions, e.g., insulin helps regulate sugar concentration in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of structural proteins?

A

Provides physical support and protection, e.g., collagen, elastin in animal connective tissue, keratin in hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of transport proteins?

A

Carry substances in the body/membrane, e.g., hemoglobin transports oxygen through blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of storage proteins?

A

Allow organisms to store amino acids as ‘food’ for developing embryos, e.g., egg whites for developing chicks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is one protein different from another?

A

Variations in the sequence of amino acids, their structure determines functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do proteins form their unique 3D shapes?

A

Through tertiary structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the primary structure of proteins?

A

Sequence of amino acids, determines shape and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the secondary structure of proteins?

A

Alpha helix winds up, beta pleated sheets fold, held by hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the tertiary structure of proteins?

A

Helix or beta pleated sheets wrap around themselves to create a 3D globular shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the quaternary structure of proteins?

A

Makes a very large protein, 2 or more tertiary proteins wrapped together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does unfolding proteins lead to?

A

Denaturing the protein, destroys shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is denaturing and what causes it?

A

The process where proteins lose their original structure and function, often caused by changes in temperature, pH, or chemicals

22
Q

How do primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures denature?

A

Primary: disruption of peptide bonds, Secondary: disruption of hydrogen bonds, Tertiary: disruption of various bonds, Quaternary: disruption of interchain interactions

23
Q

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

A

Different nitrogenous bases (DNA: thymine, RNA: uracil), double stranded vs single stranded, genetic info vs protein synthesis

24
Q

What is this and why? (Image of DNA)

A

DNA because it has thymine in nitrogenous base and is double stranded

25
Q

What is this and why? (Image of polypeptide chain)

A

Polypeptide chain, sequence of many amino acids

26
Q

What is this and why? (Image of dipeptide)

A

Dipeptide, because of the peptide bonds between 2 amino acids

27
Q

Where are proteins found in food?

A

In meats and animal products

28
Q

What are the elements of nucleic acids?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

29
Q

What are nucleic acid monomers and their parts?

A

Nucleotides: phosphate group, nitrogenous base, sugar

30
Q

How do nucleic acid monomers differ?

A

By different nitrogenous bases or sugars, DNA has thymine, RNA has uracil

31
Q

What is the function of DNA?

A

Stores information for putting amino acids together to make proteins, basis of genes and heredity

32
Q

What is the function of RNA?

A

Helps build proteins, carries genetic info

33
Q

What is this and why? (Image of nucleotide)

A

Nucleotide, contains all 3 parts

34
Q

What is ATP and its function?

A

Main form of energy cells use, provides energy for biological processes

35
Q

What are the 2 main reasons we eat?

A

To obtain energy and provide essential nutrients for bodily functions

36
Q

What is the difference between the energy in carbs, lipids, and proteins?

A

Lipids have the highest energy content and provide more than double the energy than carbs and proteins per gram

37
Q

Why do we eat carbs?

A

For immediate energy

38
Q

Why do we eat lipids?

A

For long-term energy storage and cell structure

39
Q

Why do we eat proteins?

A

For tissue repair and growth

40
Q

Is ATP found in food we eat?

A

No, it is produced from nutrients found in food that are broken down via hydrolysis

41
Q

What is the difference between Calorie and calorie?

A

Calorie = kilocalorie = 1000 calories; calorie = amount of energy required to raise 1g of water 1 degree Celsius

42
Q

How do you find calories in calorimetry?

A

(mass of water)(final temp – initial temp, degrees Celsius)

43
Q

How many calories if there is 25 mL of water, final: 69 degrees Celsius, initial: 15 degrees Celsius, 0.4 mass burned?

A

1350 cal, 3375 cal per gram, 3.375 kilocal per gram

44
Q

What is the function of enzymes in chemical reactions?

A

Has an active site that binds substrates to be acted on

45
Q

What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?

A

Anabolism: bringing substrates together to form a byproduct; Catabolism: breaking down substrates into products

46
Q

Does the shape of an enzyme change in a reaction?

A

No

47
Q

How do environmental changes affect enzymes?

A

Can alter the temperature or pH, potentially leading to denaturation

48
Q

What is enzyme specificity?

A

The reaction catalyzed by an enzyme is very specific, determining the shape and features of the active site and substrates

49
Q

What is induced fit?

A

When an enzyme changes shape to better fit a substrate upon binding

50
Q

What is the purpose of enzymes?

A

To catalyze/speed up reactions in living things that could occur without an enzyme, but would take a very long time

51
Q

What type of macromolecule is an enzyme?

A

Proteins

52
Q

Polymers are (what size of mol)

A

large molecules

honors bio (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions