cellular respiration Flashcards
which of the processes of cellular respiration takes in oxygen?
electron transport chain
where does glycolysis take place?
In the cytosol
where does the Krebs cycle take place
in the matrix of mitochondria
where does ETC take place
inner membrane of mitochondria (inner folds)
what are the reactants for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide and water
what are the products for photosynthesis
glucose and oxygen
what is the purpose of photosynthesis?
converts energy from sunlight into kinds of energy that can be stored for later use/chemical energy
reactants of cellular respiration
glucose and oxygen
what organisms perform cellular respiration
animals,plants,fungi,protists, and most bacteria
products of cellular respiration
water and carbon dioxide
what is the purpose of cellular respiration
breaks down sugars and other carbs to release the chemical energy and use it to make ATP
stages of cellular respiration
glycolysis, Krebs cycle, ETC
purpose of glycolysis
breakdown glucose molecules into 2 pyruvate molecules
reactants of glycolysis
2 ATP and glucose molecule
products of glycolysis
2 NADH, net 2 ATP (4 produced, 2 invested), 2 pyruvate
steps of glycolysis
2 ATP added to glucose, Glucose splits into 2 3-carbon molecules,
Enzymes rearrange the 3-carbon molecules into pyruvate, Electrons from the two 3-carbon molecules are transferred to NAD+ forming 2 NADH, More reactions convert the two 3-carbon molecules into 2 pyruvates, making 4 ATP
Krebs cycle purpose
Strip molecules of electrons and transfer them to NAD+ and FAD+ to move to the electron transport chain.
location of Krebs cycle
mitochondrial matrix
reactants of Krebs cycle
reactant- acetyl
products of Krebs cycle
products- ATP, NADH, FADH2, Carbon dioxide
what happens before Krebs cycle?
before krebs: pyruvate breaks down into acetyl, carbon dioxide is released (1 per pyruvate) and NADH is produced (1 per pyruvate)
steps of Krebs cycle
Acetyl bonds with coenzyme A, helping it move into krebs cycle
Once in cycle acetyl drops the coenzyme and is added to a 4-carbon molecule forming a 6-carbon molecule (citric acid)
A series of steps breaks down the citric acid, Strips electrons and transfers them to NAD+ to form NADH, FAD+ to form FADH2, Carbon atoms are lost and used to make CO2 and are released
purpose of ETC
Generate a chemiosmotic gradient that is used to synthesize ATP using ATP synthase.
reactants of ETC
Reactants- NADH and FADH2,
products of ETC
products- ATP, NAD+ FAD, Water
steps of ETC
Uses electrons from NADH and FADH2, Electrons are passed from protein to protein. Each transfer of electron releases energy, Energy is used to pump H+ (hydrogen ions) against gradient w/ proton pump across membrane from matrix to intermembrane, H+ flows through ATP synthase enzyme, powering the enzyme which adds phosphate to ADP forming ATP, Oxygen in the matrix is the final electron acceptor in the ETC, picks up an electron at the end of the chain and bonds with hydrogen ions to form water
explain how the processes of cellular respiration rely on each other
Glycolysis provides pyruvate for the krebs cycle, which produces NADH and FADH2 for the electron transport chain
purpose of fermentation
allows glycolysis to continue making a small amount of ATP without oxygen
location of fermentation
cytosol
reactants of fermentation
NADH and pyruvate
what part of the CR releases CO2?
Krebs cycle, production of acetyl
what part of CR takes in O2
ETC
what part of CR takes place in mitochondria
production of acetyl, ETC, krebs
what part of CR forms ATP
Krebs, ETC, glycolysis
what part of CR forms NADH
glycolysis, production of acetyl, krebs
what part of CR forms FADH2
Krebs
what part of CR forms water
ETC
what is the importance of oxygen in ETC
Oxygen is used to pick up electrons at the end of the chain, allowing electrons to continually flow and the gradient that powers ATP synthase to continue to exist.
