calorimetry/why we eat+ Enzymes Flashcards
2 main reasons we eat
building materials (make more cells for growth and repair) and energy (calories, ATP synthesis)
energy in carbs vs lipids vs proteins
carbohydrates are most commonly broken down for ATP, lipids store them most energy and provide a lot of energy, proteins store around the same amount of energy as carbs but are least likely to be broken down into ATP because they are more needed for growth and repair
ATP definition and importance
a molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell processes, essential for energy
is ATP found in the food we eat
No, ATP comes from digested food: broken down into smaller molecules via hydrolysis, the energy in those small molecules are used to make ATP
Calories vs calorie
Calorie= 1 kilocalorie= 1000 calories (small c)
to find calories (little c) equation
TO FIND calories (little c): (mass of water)(initial-final temp°C)(1 cal/ g°C)
mass of water conversion
MASS OF WATER: 1g of water= 1mL of water
func of enzymes
speed up chemical reactions in living things so they can occur at a rate that is necessary for life.
enzymes are what macromolecule
protein
Anabolism vs. catabolism
anabolism: building complex molecules from smaller molecules, single product, catabolism: substrate is broken down once locked in enzyme- multiple products, breaking down complex molecules into simpler molecules
importance of enzyme shape
each enzyme structure allows only certain substrates to bind to it, where the substrate binds is called an active site
does an enzyme shape change during a reaction
They change slightly, known as induced fit, where the enzyme active site adjusts to fit the substrate molecule better
environmental changes that affects the enzyme
change in temp/pH= change in shape=denatured enzyme
enzyme specificity
enzyme ability to catalyze a reaction w/ only specific type(s) of substrate molecule
